Latest commit:	\\n`4ffb6b4`\\n
Status:	✅ Deploy successful!
Preview URL:	\\nhttps://b9582988.greptime-docs.pages.dev\\n
Branch Preview URL:	\\nhttps://codex-update-outdated-grepti.greptime-docs.pages.dev\\n

\\n\\n[View logs](https://dash.cloudflare.com/?to=/baee2593068c89990bf86c4ea1c28258/pages/view/greptime-docs/b9582988-d08f-4897-a07b-fb608c01c274)\\n\",\"path\":null,\"side\":null,\"line\":null}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.\",\"path\":null,\"side\":null,\"line\":null}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"@codex review\",\"path\":null,\"side\":null,\"line\":null}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Do not present example.com as a CORS default**\\n\\nThis block is introduced as an example \\\"with default values\\\", but `cors_allowed_origins` is unset by default; setting it to `https://example.com` restricts browser access to that origin. For deployments that copy this default config, dashboards or API clients from any other origin will start failing CORS checks, so this should be omitted/commented or clearly marked as a customization; the Chinese sample has the same added value.\\n\\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\",\"path\":\"docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":179}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Keep local-WAL failover documented**\\n\\nFor clusters that intentionally use Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal=true`, this new prerequisite now says Region Failover requires Remote WAL, while the adjacent option and the Region Failover guide still describe Local WAL with that flag as supported (`docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/manage-data/region-failover.md` lines 12-17). This makes a valid configuration path look unsupported and contradicts the documented escape hatch.\\n\\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\",\"path\":\"docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":693}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add the new trace protocols to the Chinese table**\\n\\nWhen the Chinese protocol sample adds `[jaeger]` and `[otlp]`, the table immediately below still jumps from `opentsdb` to `prom_store` and has no Jaeger/OTLP rows, unlike the English file. Chinese readers scanning the options table won't see that these protocols/defaults exist or what `trace_ingest_chunk_size` controls.\\n\\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\",\"path\":\"i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":227}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add Flownode to environment prefixes**\\n\\nAfter adding `flownode` to the components that accept configuration files, the environment-variable rules below still enumerate only frontend/metasrv/datanode/standalone prefixes. The flownode CLI reference documents the default prefix as `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`, so operators configuring a flownode from this page won't discover the correct prefix.\\n\\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\",\"path\":\"docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":47}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Link selector docs to the existing path**\\n\\nThis changed sample comment points to `/developer-guide/metasrv/selector`, but repo-wide search shows the selector page lives under `docs/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md`, and the table below already links to that contributor path. Chinese users following this absolute URL from the sample will hit a missing page instead of the selector documentation.\\n\\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\",\"path\":\"i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":672}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"\\n### 💡 Codex Review\\n\\nhttps://github.com/GreptimeTeam/docs/blob/4ffb6b4ea5b268ac4a53de3972a054cd3b296f5a/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md#L847-L850\\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Use the valid postgres_store backend name**\\n\\nThese new Chinese table descriptions spell the backend as `postgre_store`, but the supported value listed just above is `postgres_store`. Readers copying the condition/value while configuring PostgreSQL metadata storage would use an unrecognized backend name, so both new mentions should be corrected to `postgres_store`.\\n \\n\\n

ℹ️ About Codex in GitHub

\\n
\\n\\n[Your team has set up Codex to review pull requests in this repo](https://chatgpt.com/codex/cloud/settings/general). Reviews are triggered when you\\n- Open a pull request for review\\n- Mark a draft as ready\\n- Comment \\\"@codex review\\\".\\n\\nIf Codex has suggestions, it will comment; otherwise it will react with 👍.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nCodex can also answer questions or update the PR. Try commenting \\\"@codex address that feedback\\\".\\n \\n

\",\"path\":null,\"side\":null,\"line\":null}{\"type\":\"pull_request_comment\",\"body\":\"@codex it should use link in markdown instead of full url\",\"path\":\"i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\",\"side\":\"RIGHT\",\"line\":672}","text_elements",[],{"_423":876,"_402":403,"_425":409},{"_426":877,"_428":-5,"_42":-5,"_430":878,"_432":-5,"_97":317,"_93":434},[879],{"_435":409},{"_46":872,"_93":880},"input_text",{"_423":882,"_402":403,"_425":409},{"_426":883,"_428":-5,"_42":-5,"_430":884,"_432":-5,"_97":317,"_93":434},[885],{"_435":409},{"_46":886,"_93":880},"\n /workspace/docs\n bash\n 2026-07-21\n Etc/UTC\n /workspace/docs\n",{"_423":888,"_402":403,"_425":409},{"_426":889,"_428":-5,"_42":-5,"_430":890,"_432":-5,"_97":891,"_93":434},[892,893],{"_435":409},"developer",{"_46":895,"_93":880},{"_46":894,"_93":880},"\n## Skills\nA skill is a set of instructions provided through a `SKILL.md` source. Below is the list of skills that can be used. Each entry includes a name, description, and source locator. `file` locators are on the host filesystem, `environment resource` locators are owned by an execution environment, `orchestrator resource` locators are opaque non-filesystem resources, and `custom resource` locators use their provider's access mechanism.\n### Available skills\n- imagegen: Generate or edit raster images when the task benefits from AI-created bitmap visuals such as photos, illustrations, textures, sprites, mockups, or transparent-background cutouts. Use when Codex should create a brand-new image, transform an existing image, or derive visual variants from references, and the output should be a bitmap asset rather than repo-native code or vector. Do not use when the task is better handled by editing existing SVG/vector/code-native assets, extending an established icon or logo system, or building the visual directly in HTML/CSS/canvas. (file: /opt/codex/skills/.system/imagegen/SKILL.md)\n- openai-docs: Use when the user asks how to build with OpenAI products or APIs, asks about Codex itself or choosing Codex surfaces, needs up-to-date official documentation with citations, help choosing the latest model for a use case, or model upgrade and prompt-upgrade guidance; use OpenAI docs MCP tools for non-Codex docs questions, use the Codex manual helper first for broad Codex self-knowledge, and restrict fallback browsing to official OpenAI domains. (file: /opt/codex/skills/.system/openai-docs/SKILL.md)\n- plugin-creator: Create and scaffold plugin directories for Codex with a required `.codex-plugin/plugin.json`, optional plugin folders/files, valid manifest defaults, and personal-marketplace entries by default. Use when Codex needs to create a new personal plugin, add optional plugin structure, generate or update marketplace entries for plugin ordering and availability metadata, or update an existing local plugin during development with the CLI-driven cachebuster and reinstall flow. (file: /opt/codex/skills/.system/plugin-creator/SKILL.md)\n- skill-creator: Guide for creating effective skills. This skill should be used when users want to create a new skill (or update an existing skill) that extends Codex's capabilities with specialized knowledge, workflows, or tool integrations. (file: /opt/codex/skills/.system/skill-creator/SKILL.md)\n- skill-installer: Install Codex skills into $CODEX_HOME/skills from a curated list or a GitHub repo path. Use when a user asks to list installable skills, install a curated skill, or install a skill from another repo (including private repos). (file: /opt/codex/skills/.system/skill-installer/SKILL.md)\n### How to use skills\n- Discovery: The list above is the skills available in this session (name + description + source locator). `file` entries live on the host filesystem, `environment resource` entries are owned by their execution environment, `orchestrator resource` entries must be accessed through `skills.list` and `skills.read`, and `custom resource` entries use their provider's access mechanism.\n- Trigger rules: If the user names a skill (with `$SkillName` or plain text) OR the task clearly matches a skill's description shown above, you must use that skill for that turn. Multiple mentions mean use them all. Do not carry skills across turns unless re-mentioned.\n- Missing/blocked: If a named skill isn't in the list or its source can't be read, say so briefly and continue with the best fallback.\n- How to use a skill (progressive disclosure):\n 1) After deciding to use a skill, the main agent must read its `SKILL.md` completely before taking task actions. For a `file` entry, open the listed path. For an `environment resource`, use the filesystem of the owning environment. For an `orchestrator resource`, call `skills.list` with `{\"authority\":{\"kind\":\"orchestrator\"}}`, select the matching package, and pass its `main_resource` to `skills.read`. If a read is truncated or paginated, continue until EOF.\n 2) When `SKILL.md` references another resource, use the same access mechanism. Resolve relative paths against a filesystem-backed skill directory. For orchestrator skills, pass the exact referenced resource identifier with the same authority and package to `skills.read`; do not treat `skill://` identifiers as filesystem paths.\n 3) If `SKILL.md` points to extra folders such as `references/`, use its routing instructions to identify the resources required for the task. The main agent must read each required instruction or reference file itself before acting on it. Do not delegate reading, summarizing, or interpreting skill instructions to a subagent. Subagents may still perform task work when the selected skill allows it.\n 4) For filesystem-backed skills, prefer running or patching provided scripts instead of retyping large code blocks. For orchestrator skills, use `skills.read` and the available tools; do not invent a local path.\n 5) Reuse provided assets or templates through the same source access mechanism instead of recreating them.\n- Coordination and sequencing:\n - If multiple skills apply, choose the minimal set that covers the request and state the order you'll use them.\n - Announce which skill(s) you're using and why (one short line). If you skip an obvious skill, say why.\n- Context hygiene:\n - Progressive disclosure applies to selecting relevant files, not partially reading a selected instruction file. Do not load unrelated references, scripts, or assets.\n - Avoid deep reference-chasing: prefer opening only files directly linked from `SKILL.md` unless you're blocked.\n - When variants exist (frameworks, providers, domains), pick only the relevant reference file(s) and note that choice.\n- Safety and fallback: If a skill can't be applied cleanly (missing files, unclear instructions), state the issue, pick the next-best approach, and continue.\n","\nFilesystem sandboxing defines which files can be read or written. `sandbox_mode` is `danger-full-access`: No filesystem sandboxing - all commands are permitted. Network access is enabled.\nApproval policy is currently never. Do not provide the `sandbox_permissions` for any reason, commands will be rejected.\n","turn/started",{"_402":403,"_88":898},{"_104":-5,"_42":409,"_410":899,"_412":413,"_414":415,"_416":900},[],"inProgress",{"_416":902,"_402":403},{"_903":904,"_93":905},"activeFlags",[],"active","thread/started",{"_908":909},"thread",{"_910":-5,"_911":-5,"_912":913,"_914":415,"_479":480,"_915":15,"_916":-5,"_917":-5,"_918":-5,"_919":920,"_42":403,"_921":922,"_191":-5,"_923":-5,"_166":924,"_925":205,"_926":415,"_927":403,"_484":928,"_416":929,"_930":-5,"_78":931,"_932":415},"agentNickname","agentRole","cliVersion","0.144.0-alpha.4","createdAt","ephemeral","extra","forkedFromId","gitInfo","historyMode","legacy","modelProvider","openai","parentThreadId","/opt/codex/sessions/2026/07/21/rollout-2026-07-21T07-48-36-019f83a5-e9c2-7510-a2fe-8bb712552eee.jsonl","preview","recencyAt","sessionId","vscode",{"_93":420},"threadSource",[],"updatedAt",[],"messages",[936],{"_42":937,"_938":939,"_940":941,"_942":941,"_426":943,"_416":944,"_428":-5,"_945":32,"_946":947,"_948":290,"_949":-5},"c0835d8d-5413-4568-9525-d6051d362b8a","author",{"_97":317,"_191":-5,"_946":958},"create_time",1784620115.887533,"update_time",{"_954":46,"_955":956},"finished_successfully","weight","metadata",{"_950":951},"recipient","channel","l1239dk1",{"_952":953},"inline_comments",[],"content_type","parts",[957],"@codex address feedbacks\ndocs: update configuration reference with new options and formatting\n\n### Motivation\n- Bring the `configuration.md` documentation (English and Chinese) up to date with newly added server and protocol options and to standardize default value formatting.\n- Document new components and protocols (e.g. `flownode`, `jaeger`, `otlp`) and surface new metadata/backend options required for recent runtime and kv-backend improvements.\n- Clarify defaults and examples (e.g. `data_home`, Prometheus batching, selector semantics) to reduce operator confusion.\n\n### Description\n- Added and documented new HTTP/gRPC/MySQL/Postgres options such as `enable_cors`, `cors_allowed_origins`, `prom_validation_mode`, `grpc.tls`, `mysql.keep_alive`, `postgres.keep_alive`, `prepared_stmt_cache_size`, and `experimental_*` flags, and OpenTelemetry/Jaeger options (`jaeger`, `otlp`, `trace_ingest_chunk_size`).\n- Extended Metasrv docs with backend TLS (`[backend_tls]`), `meta_schema_name`, `auto_create_schema`, `max_recv_message_size`/`max_send_message_size`, HTTP server defaults, `max_metadata_value_size`, and adjusted `enable_region_failover`/selector explanations to match current behavior.\n- Added `data_home` to storage examples, updated various default representations to a normalized format (removed extra quotes and unified code formatting) and changed several table default values and descriptions (including `pending_rows_flush_interval`, `max_background_*`, `scan_memory_limit`, and WAL/selector defaults) for clarity.\n- Updated the Chinese translation file to reflect all the same changes and kept configuration examples and descriptive tables in sync across locales.\n\n### Testing\n- No automated code tests were modified; these are documentation-only changes so no unit tests were run as part of this PR.\n- Local documentation verification was performed by eyeballing the diff to ensure examples and tables are consistent between English and Chinese files.\n\n------\n[Codex Task](https://chatgpt.com/codex/cloud/tasks/task_e_6a59eb6a756c8320b422653960ed09ab)\n## Deploying greptime-docs with $\"Cloudflare$ Cloudflare Pages\n\n\n\n\n\n

Latest commit:	\n`4ffb6b4`\n
Status:	✅ Deploy successful!
Preview URL:	\nhttps://b9582988.greptime-docs.pages.dev\n
Branch Preview URL:	\nhttps://codex-update-outdated-grepti.greptime-docs.pages.dev\n

\n\n[View logs](https://dash.cloudflare.com/?to=/baee2593068c89990bf86c4ea1c28258/pages/view/greptime-docs/b9582988-d08f-4897-a07b-fb608c01c274)\n\nCopilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.\n@codex review\n**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Do not present example.com as a CORS default**\n\nThis block is introduced as an example \"with default values\", but `cors_allowed_origins` is unset by default; setting it to `https://example.com` restricts browser access to that origin. For deployments that copy this default config, dashboards or API clients from any other origin will start failing CORS checks, so this should be omitted/commented or clearly marked as a customization; the Chinese sample has the same added value.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\n**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Keep local-WAL failover documented**\n\nFor clusters that intentionally use Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal=true`, this new prerequisite now says Region Failover requires Remote WAL, while the adjacent option and the Region Failover guide still describe Local WAL with that flag as supported (`docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/manage-data/region-failover.md` lines 12-17). This makes a valid configuration path look unsupported and contradicts the documented escape hatch.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add the new trace protocols to the Chinese table**\n\nWhen the Chinese protocol sample adds `[jaeger]` and `[otlp]`, the table immediately below still jumps from `opentsdb` to `prom_store` and has no Jaeger/OTLP rows, unlike the English file. Chinese readers scanning the options table won't see that these protocols/defaults exist or what `trace_ingest_chunk_size` controls.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add Flownode to environment prefixes**\n\nAfter adding `flownode` to the components that accept configuration files, the environment-variable rules below still enumerate only frontend/metasrv/datanode/standalone prefixes. The flownode CLI reference documents the default prefix as `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`, so operators configuring a flownode from this page won't discover the correct prefix.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Link selector docs to the existing path**\n\nThis changed sample comment points to `/developer-guide/metasrv/selector`, but repo-wide search shows the selector page lives under `docs/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md`, and the table below already links to that contributor path. Chinese users following this absolute URL from the sample will hit a missing page instead of the selector documentation.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.\n\n### 💡 Codex Review\n\nhttps://github.com/GreptimeTeam/docs/blob/4ffb6b4ea5b268ac4a53de3972a054cd3b296f5a/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md#L847-L850\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Use the valid postgres_store backend name**\n\nThese new Chinese table descriptions spell the backend as `postgre_store`, but the supported value listed just above is `postgres_store`. Readers copying the condition/value while configuring PostgreSQL metadata storage would use an unrecognized backend name, so both new mentions should be corrected to `postgres_store`.\n \n\n

ℹ️ About Codex in GitHub

\n
\n\n[Your team has set up Codex to review pull requests in this repo](https://chatgpt.com/codex/cloud/settings/general). Reviews are triggered when you\n- Open a pull request for review\n- Mark a draft as ready\n- Comment \"@codex review\".\n\nIf Codex has suggestions, it will comment; otherwise it will react with 👍.\n\n\n\n\nCodex can also answer questions or update the PR. Try commenting \"@codex address that feedback\".\n \n

\n@codex it should use link in markdown instead of full url",{},"created",1784620208.574289,"Completing the task","event_type","info",{"_93":434,"_97":94,"_426":2135},{"_93":991,"_992":993},{"_93":967,"_968":536,"_969":970,"_971":972,"_973":-5},"pr","pr_title","pr_message","### Motivation\n- Follow up on reviewer feedback to avoid misleading defaults and keep English and Chinese configuration docs consistent.\n- Prevent inadvertent operational breakage from copy-pasted examples (CORS, backend names, selector links, failover prerequisites).\n- Surface newly-added protocol rows and environment-variable prefixes so operators can discover correct settings.\n\n### Description\n- Added `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE` to the environment-variable prefix list in both English and Chinese `configuration.md` files.\n- Commented the `cors_allowed_origins` example so `https://example.com` is shown as an optional customization rather than a default value.\n- Added `jaeger` and `otlp` rows (including `trace_ingest_chunk_size`) to the Chinese protocol options table and fixed `postgre_store` → `postgres_store` typos.\n- Replaced the absolute selector URL with a markdown link to the existing contributor-guide selector page and clarified that Region Failover can use Remote WAL or Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal=true`.\n\n### Testing\n- Ran `git diff --check -- docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md` which returned no check errors.\n- Searched for remaining occurrences with `rg -n \"developer-guide/metasrv/selector|postgre_store\" ...` to verify fixes and found no failing matches related to the reported issues.\n- Committed the changes locally (`git commit`) and prepared the PR metadata; no automated unit tests were modified because these are documentation-only changes.","output_diff",{"_93":971,"_974":253,"_129":130,"_975":-5,"_316":976,"_977":978,"_979":322,"_980":981,"_982":983,"_984":985,"_986":987},"pre_apply_patch","repo_id","preapply_patch_base_commit_sha","diff --git a/docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md b/docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\nindex 67802f839831a7dfe68587eaafaf8559005562d2..25c8e84f0a580c93f79a977c326b7636bd58e5c5 100644\n--- a/docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\n+++ b/docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\n@@ -77,50 +77,51 @@ you can [inject complete TOML configuration files](/user-guide/deployments-admin\n \n ### Environment variable\n \n Every item in the configuration file can be mapped to environment variables.\n For example, to set the `data_home` configuration item for the datanode using an environment variable:\n \n ```toml\n # ...\n [storage]\n data_home = \"/data/greptimedb\"\n # ...\n ```\n \n Use the following shell command to set the environment variable in the following format:\n \n ```\n export GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE__STORAGE__DATA_HOME=/data/greptimedb\n ```\n \n #### Environment Variable Rules\n \n - Each environment variable should have the component prefix, for example:\n - `GREPTIMEDB_FRONTEND`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_METASRV`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE`\n+ - `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_STANDALONE`\n \n - Use **double underscore `__`** separators. For example, the data structure `storage.data_home` is transformed to `STORAGE__DATA_HOME`.\n \n The environment variable also accepts lists that are separated by commas `,`, for example:\n \n ```\n GREPTIMEDB_METASRV__META_CLIENT__METASRV_ADDRS=127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002,127.0.0.1:3003\n ```\n \n ## Options\n \n In this section, we will introduce some main configuration options.\n For all options, refer to the [Configuration Reference](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/config.md) on Github.\n \n ### Write memory limiter options\n \n Memory limiter options control the total memory used by concurrent write requests across all protocols (HTTP, gRPC, and Arrow Flight).\n These options are valid in `frontend` and `standalone` subcommands.\n \n ```toml\n # Maximum total memory for all concurrent write request bodies and messages\n # Set to 0 to disable the limit (unlimited by default)\n max_in_flight_write_bytes = \"1GB\"\n \n@@ -154,51 +155,51 @@ concurrent_query_limiter_timeout = \"100ms\"\n | Option | Type | Default | Description |\n | ---------------------------------- | ------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n | `max_concurrent_queries` | Integer | `0` | Maximum number of read queries that can run at the same time on the datanode. Set to `0` to disable the limit. |\n | `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` | String | `100ms` | Maximum time a query waits for an available slot after `max_concurrent_queries` is reached. The query fails if no slot is available in time. |\n \n ### Protocol options\n \n Protocol options are valid in `frontend` and `standalone` subcommands,\n specifying protocol server addresses and other protocol-related options.\n \n :::tip NOTE\n The HTTP protocol configuration is available for all GreptimeDB components: `frontend`, `datanode`, `flownode`, and `metasrv`.\n :::\n \n Below is an example configuration with default values.\n You can change the values or disable certain protocols in your configuration file.\n For example, to disable OpenTSDB protocol support, set the `enable` parameter to `false`.\n Note that HTTP and gRPC protocols cannot be disabled for the database to function correctly.\n \n ```toml\n [http]\n addr = \"127.0.0.1:4000\"\n timeout = \"0s\"\n body_limit = \"64MB\"\n enable_cors = true\n-cors_allowed_origins = [\"https://example.com\"]\n+# cors_allowed_origins = [\"https://example.com\"] # Optional: customize allowed origins\n prom_validation_mode = \"strict\"\n experimental_enable_prometheus_native_histogram = false\n experimental_enable_explain_analyze_stream = false\n \n [grpc]\n bind_addr = \"127.0.0.1:4001\"\n runtime_size = 8\n \n [grpc.tls]\n mode = \"disable\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\n watch = false\n \n [mysql]\n enable = true\n addr = \"127.0.0.1:4002\"\n runtime_size = 2\n keep_alive = \"0s\"\n prepared_stmt_cache_size = 10000\n \n [mysql.tls]\n mode = \"disable\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\n@@ -663,55 +664,55 @@ store_key_prefix = \"\"\n # The datastore for meta server.\n # Available values:\n # - `etcd_store` (default value)\n # - `memory_store`\n # - `postgres_store`\n # - `mysql_store`\n backend = \"etcd_store\"\n # Table name in RDS to store metadata. Effect when using a RDS kvbackend.\n # **Only used when backend is `postgres_store` or `mysql_store`.**\n meta_table_name = \"greptime_metakv\"\n # Optional PostgreSQL schema for metadata table and election table name qualification.\n # When PostgreSQL public schema is not writable (e.g., PostgreSQL 15+ with restricted public),\n # set this to a writable schema. GreptimeDB will use `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`.\n # **Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.**\n meta_schema_name = \"greptime_schema\"\n # Automatically create PostgreSQL schema if it doesn't exist.\n # **Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.**\n auto_create_schema = true\n # Advisory lock id in PostgreSQL for election. Effect when using PostgreSQL as kvbackend\n # Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.\n meta_election_lock_id = 1\n # Datanode selector type.\n # - `round_robin` (default value)\n # - `lease_based`\n # - `load_based`\n-# For details, please see \"https://docs.greptime.com/developer-guide/metasrv/selector\".\n+# For details, please see [selector documentation](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md).\n selector = \"round_robin\"\n # Whether to enable region failover.\n # This feature is only available on GreptimeDB running on cluster mode and:\n-# - Using Remote WAL\n+# - Using Remote WAL, or Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` set to `true`\n # - Using shared storage (e.g., S3)\n enable_region_failover = false\n ## The delay before starting region failure detection.\n ## This delay helps prevent Metasrv from triggering unnecessary region failovers before all Datanodes are fully started.\n ## Especially useful when the cluster is not deployed with GreptimeDB Operator and maintenance mode is not enabled.\n region_failure_detector_initialization_delay = \"10m\"\n # Whether to allow region failover on local WAL.\n # **This option is not recommended to be set to true,\n # because it may lead to data loss during failover.**\n allow_region_failover_on_local_wal = false\n \n ## Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory.\n node_max_idle_time = \"24hours\"\n \n # Base heartbeat interval for calculating distributed time constants.\n # Heartbeat intervals are negotiated from metasrv during handshake; local node configs do not override this.\n # heartbeat_interval = \"3s\"\n # Whether to enable GreptimeDB telemetry. Enabled by default.\n # enable_telemetry = true\n \n # TLS configuration for kv store backend (applicable for etcd, PostgreSQL, and MySQL backends).\n [backend_tls]\n mode = \"prefer\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\ndiff --git a/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md b/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\nindex 98aad62d45ceab63e73b1995fe7104d4279bdbf9..6ee4a8197e363dad133a93f34d13c3a1788e1576 100644\n--- a/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\n+++ b/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md\n@@ -74,50 +74,51 @@ greptime standalone start -c standalone.example.toml\n ### 环境变量\n \n 配置文件中的每个项目都可以映射到环境变量。\n 例如，使用环境变量设置数据节点的 `data_home` 配置项：\n \n ```toml\n # ...\n [storage]\n data_home = \"/data/greptimedb\"\n # ...\n ```\n \n 使用以下 shell 命令以以下格式设置环境变量：\n \n ```\n export GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE__STORAGE__DATA_HOME=/data/greptimedb\n ```\n \n #### 环境变量规则\n \n - 每个环境变量应具有组件前缀，例如：\n \n - `GREPTIMEDB_FRONTEND`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_METASRV`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE`\n+ - `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`\n - `GREPTIMEDB_STANDALONE`\n \n - 使用**双下划线 `__`**作为分隔符。例如，数据结构 `storage.data_home` 转换为 `STORAGE__DATA_HOME`。\n \n 环境变量还接受以逗号 `,` 分隔的列表，例如：\n \n ```\n GREPTIMEDB_METASRV__META_CLIENT__METASRV_ADDRS=127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002,127.0.0.1:3003\n ```\n \n ## 配置项\n \n 本节将介绍主要的配置项，请前往 GitHub 查看[所有配置项](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/config.md)。\n \n ### 写入内存限制选项\n \n 内存限制选项控制所有协议（HTTP、gRPC 和 Arrow Flight）并发写入请求使用的总内存。\n 这些选项适用于 `frontend` 和 `standalone` 子命令。\n \n ```toml\n # 所有并发写入请求体和消息的最大总内存\n # 设置为 0 表示禁用限制（默认为无限制）\n max_in_flight_write_bytes = \"1GB\"\n \n # 写入字节配额耗尽时的策略\n@@ -149,51 +150,51 @@ concurrent_query_limiter_timeout = \"100ms\"\n \n | 配置项 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |\n | ---------------------------------- | ------ | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n | `max_concurrent_queries` | 整数 | `0` | Datanode 上允许同时运行的最大读取查询数量。设置为 `0` 表示禁用限制。 |\n | `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` | 字符串 | `100ms` | 当达到 `max_concurrent_queries` 后，查询等待可用名额的最长时间。如果超时后仍然没有可用名额，查询将失败。 |\n \n ### 协议选项\n \n 协议选项适用于 `frontend` 和 `standalone` 子命令，它指定了协议服务器地址和其他协议相关的选项。\n \n :::tip 提示\n HTTP 协议配置适用于所有 GreptimeDB 组件：`frontend`、`datanode`、`flownode` 和 `metasrv`。\n :::\n \n 下面的示例配置包含了所有协议选项的默认值。\n 你可以在配置文件中更改这些值或禁用某些协议。\n 例如禁用 OpenTSDB 协议支持，可以将 `enable` 参数设置为 `false`。\n 请注意，为了保障数据库的正常工作，无法禁用 HTTP 和 gRPC 协议。\n \n ```toml\n [http]\n addr = \"127.0.0.1:4000\"\n timeout = \"0s\"\n body_limit = \"64MB\"\n enable_cors = true\n-cors_allowed_origins = [\"https://example.com\"]\n+# cors_allowed_origins = [\"https://example.com\"] # Optional: customize allowed origins\n prom_validation_mode = \"strict\"\n experimental_enable_prometheus_native_histogram = false\n experimental_enable_explain_analyze_stream = false\n \n [grpc]\n bind_addr = \"127.0.0.1:4001\"\n runtime_size = 8\n \n [grpc.tls]\n mode = \"disable\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\n watch = false\n \n [mysql]\n enable = true\n addr = \"127.0.0.1:4002\"\n runtime_size = 2\n keep_alive = \"0s\"\n prepared_stmt_cache_size = 10000\n \n [mysql.tls]\n mode = \"disable\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\n@@ -238,50 +239,55 @@ max_inflight_requests = 3000\n ```\n \n 下表描述了每个选项的详细信息：\n \n | 选项 | 键 | 类型 | 描述 |\n | ---------- | ------------------ | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |\n | http | | | HTTP 服务器选项 |\n | | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4000\" |\n | | timeout | 字符串 | HTTP 请求超时时间。设为 \"0s\" 可禁用超时（默认值为 \"0s\"）。 |\n | | body_limit | 字符串 | HTTP 最大体积大小，默认为 \"64MB\" |\n | | prom_validation_mode | 字符串 | 在 Prometheus Remote Write 协议中是否检查字符串是否为有效的 UTF-8 字符串。可用选项：`strict`（拒绝任何包含无效 UTF-8 字符串的请求），`lossy`（用 [UTF-8 REPLACEMENT CHARACTER](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G24272)（即 `�` ）替换无效字符），`unchecked`（不验证字符串有效性）。 |\n | grpc | | | gRPC 服务器选项 |\n | | bind_addr | 字符串 | gRPC 服务绑定地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4001\" |\n | | runtime_size | 整数 | 服务器工作线程数量，默认为 8 |\n | | max_connection_age | 字符串 | gRPC 连接在服务端保持的最长时间。参见 [\"MAX_CONNECTION_AGE\"](https://grpc.io/docs/guides/keepalive/)。默认不设置。示例：\"1h\" 表示 1 小时，\"30m\" 表示 30 分钟 |\n | | flight_compression | 字符串 | Frontend 的 Arrow IPC 服务的压缩模式。可用选项：`none`：禁用所有压缩，`transport`：仅启用 gRPC 传输压缩（zstd），`arrow_ipc`：仅启用 Arrow IPC 压缩（lz4），`all`：启用所有压缩。默认值为 `none`。|\n | mysql | | | MySQL 服务器选项 |\n | | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 MySQL 协议，默认为 true |\n | | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4002\" |\n | | runtime_size | 整数 | 服务器工作线程数量，默认为 2 |\n | influxdb | | | InfluxDB 协议选项 |\n | | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 InfluxDB 协议，默认为 true |\n | | default_merge_mode | 字符串 | InfluxDB 协议自动创建表时使用的默认 merge 模式。可选值：`last_non_null`、`last_row`。默认值：`last_non_null` |\n | opentsdb | | | OpenTSDB 协议选项 |\n | | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 OpenTSDB 协议，默认为 true |\n+| jaeger | | | Jaeger 协议选项 |\n+| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 Jaeger 协议，默认为 true |\n+| otlp | | | OpenTelemetry 协议选项 |\n+| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 OpenTelemetry 协议，默认为 true |\n+| | trace_ingest_chunk_size | 整数 | 每个 trace 写入分块的最大 span 数量。设为 `0` 可禁用分块。 |\n | prom_store | | | Prometheus 远程存储选项 |\n | | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 Prometheus 远程读写，默认为 true |\n | | with_metric_engine | 布尔值 | 是否在 Prometheus 远程写入中使用 Metric Engine，默认为 true |\n | | pending_rows_flush_interval | 字符串 | Prometheus Remote Write 批量刷写的时间间隔。设为非零值（如 `500ms`）以启用[批量写入模式](/user-guide/ingest-data/for-observability/prometheus.md#批量写入模式)，默认为 `0s`（禁用） |\n | | max_batch_rows | 整数 | 触发刷写的最大批量行数，默认为 100000 |\n | | max_concurrent_flushes | 整数 | 同时执行的最大刷写操作数量，默认为 256 |\n | | worker_channel_capacity | 整数 | 内部接收行数据的 worker 通道容量，默认为 65526 |\n | | max_inflight_requests | 整数 | 等待批量完成的最大请求数，默认为 3000 |\n | postgres | | | PostgresSQL 服务器选项 |\n | | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 PostgresSQL 协议，默认为 true |\n | | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4003\" |\n | | runtime_size | 整数 | 服务器工作线程数量，默认为 2 |\n \n 对 MySQL，Postgres 和 gRPC 接口，我们支持 TLS 配置\n \n | Option | Key | Type | Description |\n |------------------------------------------|-------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|\n | `mysql.tls`，`postgres.tls` 或 `grpc.tls` | | | MySQL 或 Postgres 的 TLS 配置 |\n | | `mode` | String | TLS 模式，支持 `disable`, `prefer` and `require` |\n | | `cert_path` | String | TLS 证书文件路径 |\n | | `key_path` | String | TLS 私钥文件路径 |\n | | `watch` | Boolean | 监控文件变化，自动重新加载证书或私钥 |\n \n ### 查询选项\n \n@@ -647,55 +653,55 @@ store_key_prefix = \"\"\n # metasrv 的存储后端类型。\n # 可选项：\n # - `etcd_store`（默认值）\n # - `memory_store`\n # - `postgres_store`\n # - `mysql_store`\n backend = \"etcd_store\"\n # 在 RDS 中存储元数据的表名。仅在使用 RDS kvbackend 时生效。\n # **仅在 backend 为 `postgres_store` 或 `mysql_store` 时使用。**\n meta_table_name = \"greptime_metakv\"\n # PostgreSQL 元数据表和选举表使用的 schema。\n # 当 PostgreSQL public schema 不可写时（例如 PostgreSQL 15+ 限制 public schema），\n # 请设置为一个可写的 schema。GreptimeDB 将使用 `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`。\n # **仅在 backend 为 `postgres_store` 时使用。**\n meta_schema_name = \"greptime_schema\"\n # 如果 PostgreSQL schema 不存在，是否自动创建。\n # **仅在 backend 为 `postgres_store` 时使用。**\n auto_create_schema = true\n ## PostgreSQL 选举的咨询锁 ID。仅在使用 PostgreSQL 作为 kvbackend 时生效。\n ## 仅当后端为 `postgres_store` 时使用。\n meta_election_lock_id = 1\n # Datanode 选择器类型。\n # - `round_robin`（默认值）\n # - `lease_based`\n # - `load_based`\n-# 详情请参阅 \"https://docs.greptime.com/developer-guide/metasrv/selector\"\n+# 详情请参阅 [selector 文档](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md)\n selector = \"round_robin\"\n # 是否启用 region failover。\n # 该功能仅适用于运行在集群模式下的 GreptimeDB，并且需要满足以下条件：\n-# - 使用 Remote WAL\n+# - 使用 Remote WAL，或使用 Local WAL 且将 `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` 设置为 `true`\n # - 使用共享存储（例如 S3）\n enable_region_failover = false\n ## 设置启动 region 故障检测的延迟时间。\n ## 该延迟有助于避免在所有 Datanode 尚未完全启动时，Metasrv 过早启动 region 故障检测，从而导致不必要的 region failover。\n ## 尤其适用于未通过 GreptimeDB Operator 部署的集群，此时可能未正确启用集群维护模式，提前检测可能会引发误判。\n region_failure_detector_initialization_delay = \"10m\"\n # 是否允许在本地 WAL 上进行 region failover。\n # **此选项不建议设置为 true，\n # 因为这可能会在故障转移期间导致数据丢失。**\n allow_region_failover_on_local_wal = false\n \n ## 从 metasrv 内存中删除节点信息前允许的最大空闲时间。\n node_max_idle_time = \"24hours\"\n \n # 用于计算分布式时间常量的基础心跳间隔。\n # 心跳间隔由 metasrv 在握手期间协商，本地节点配置不会覆盖该值。\n # heartbeat_interval = \"3s\"\n # 是否启用 GreptimeDB telemetry，默认启用。\n # enable_telemetry = true\n \n # kv store backend 的 TLS 配置（适用于 etcd、PostgreSQL 和 MySQL backend）。\n [backend_tls]\n mode = \"prefer\"\n cert_path = \"\"\n key_path = \"\"\n@@ -822,54 +828,54 @@ connect_timeout = \"3s\"\n timeout = \"3s\"\n ```\n \n | 键 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |\n | --------------------------------------------- | ------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n | `data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data/metasrv/` | 工作目录。 |\n | `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | Metasrv 的绑定地址。 |\n | `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | frontend 和 datanode 连接到 Metasrv 的通信服务器地址，默认为本地主机的 `127.0.0.1:3002`。 |\n | `store_addrs` | Array | `[\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]` | 元数据服务地址，默认值为 `[\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]`。支持配置多个服务地址，格式为 `[\"ip1:port1\",\"ip2:port2\",...]`。默认使用 Etcd 作为元数据后端。
根据你的存储服务器类型配置地址，例如：
- 使用 `127.0.0.1:2379` 连接到 etcd
- 使用 `password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432` 连接到 postgres
- 使用 `mysql://user:password@ip:port/dbname` 连接到 mysql |\n | `selector` | String | `round_robin` | Datanode 选择器类型。
- `round_robin`（默认值）
- `lease_based`
- `load_based`
详见 [选择器](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md)。 |\n | `enable_region_failover` | Bool | `false` | 是否启用 region failover。
该功能仅适用于运行在集群模式下的 GreptimeDB，并且需要满足以下条件：
- 使用 Remote WAL
- 使用共享存储（例如 S3）。 |\n | `region_failure_detector_initialization_delay` | String | `10m` | 设置启动 region 故障检测的延迟时间。该延迟有助于避免在所有 Datanode 尚未完全启动时，Metasrv 过早启动 region 故障检测，从而导致不必要的 region failover。尤其适用于未通过 GreptimeDB Operator 部署的集群，此时可能未正确启用集群维护模式，提前检测可能会引发误判。 |\n | `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` | Bool | `false` | 是否允许在本地 WAL 上进行 region failover。
**此选项不建议设置为 true，因为这可能会在故障转移期间导致数据丢失。** |\n | `node_max_idle_time` | String | `24hours` | 从 metasrv 内存中删除节点信息前允许的最大空闲时间。超过该时间未发送心跳的节点将被视为不活跃并被删除。 |\n | `backend_client` | -- | -- | 后端客户端选项。
目前仅适用于使用 etcd 作为元数据存储时。 |\n | `backend_client.keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | 后端客户端的保持连接超时时间。 |\n | `backend_client.keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | 后端客户端的保持连接间隔。 |\n | `backend_client.connect_timeout` | String | `3s` | 后端客户端的连接超时时间。 |\n | `grpc` | -- | -- | gRPC 服务器选项。 |\n | `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | gRPC 服务器的绑定地址。 |\n | `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | frontend 和 datanode 连接到 metasrv 的通信服务器地址。 |\n | `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | 服务器工作线程数。 |\n | `grpc.http2_keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接间隔。 |\n | `grpc.http2_keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接超时时间。 |\n | `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | 元数据存储类型。
- `etcd_store` (默认)
- `memory_store` (纯内存存储 - 仅用于测试)
- `postgres_store`
- `mysql_store` |\n-| `meta_table_name` | String | `greptime_metakv` | 使用 RDS 存储元数据时的表名。**仅在 backend 为 postgre_store 和 mysql_store 时有效。** |\n+| `meta_table_name` | String | `greptime_metakv` | 使用 RDS 存储元数据时的表名。**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 和 mysql_store 时有效。** |\n | `meta_schema_name` | String | -- | 可选的 PostgreSQL schema，用于元数据表和选举表名称限定。当 PostgreSQL public schema 不可写入时（例如 PostgreSQL 15+ 限制 public schema），可设置此参数为可写入的 schema。GreptimeDB 将使用 `meta_schema_name.meta_table_name`。
**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |\n | `auto_create_schema` | Bool | `true` | 如果 PostgreSQL schema 不存在则自动创建。启用后，系统会在创建元数据表之前执行 `CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `。这在生产环境中可能受限于手动创建 schema 的情况下非常有用。注意：PostgreSQL 用户必须具有 CREATE SCHEMA 权限才能使此功能生效。
**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |\n-| `meta_election_lock_id` | Integer | `1` | 用于领导选举的 PostgreSQL 咨询锁 id。**仅在 backend 为 postgre_store 时有效。** |\n+| `meta_election_lock_id` | Integer | `1` | 用于领导选举的 PostgreSQL 咨询锁 id。**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |\n | `procedure` | -- | -- | |\n | `procedure.max_retry_times` | 整数 | `12` | Procedure 的最大重试次数。 |\n | `procedure.retry_delay` | 字符串 | `500ms` | Procedure 初始重试延迟，延迟会指数增长。 |\n | `procedure.max_running_procedures` | Integer | `128` | 同一时间可以运行的程序最大数量。如果运行的程序数量超过此限制，程序将被拒绝。 |\n | `failure_detector` | -- | -- | 故障检测选项。 |\n | `failure_detector.threshold` | 浮点数 | `8.0` | 判定节点故障前可接受的最大 φ 值。
较低的值反应更快但会产生更多误报。 |\n | `failure_detector.min_std_deviation` | 字符串 | `100ms` | 心跳间隔的最小标准差。
防止微小变化导致 φ 值激增。在心跳间隔变化很小时防止过度敏感。 |\n | `failure_detector.acceptable_heartbeat_pause` | 字符串 | `10000ms` | 心跳之间可接受的暂停时长。
在 φ 值上升前为学习到的平均间隔提供额外的宽限期，吸收临时网络故障或GC暂停。 |\n | `datanode` | -- | -- | |\n | `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode 客户端选项。 |\n | `datanode.client.timeout` | 字符串 | `10s` | 操作超时。 |\n | `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | 字符串 | `10s` | 连接服务器超时。 |\n | `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | 布尔值 | `true` | 接受连接的 `TCP_NODELAY` 选项。 |\n | wal | -- | -- | -- |\n | wal.provider | String | `raft_engine` | -- |\n | wal.broker_endpoints | Array | -- | Kafka 集群的端点 |\n | `wal.auto_create_topics` | Bool | `true` | 自动为 WAL 创建 topics
设置为 `true` 则自动为 WAL 创建 topics
否则，使用名为 `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)` 的 topics |\n | `wal.auto_prune_interval` | String | `0s` | 定期自动裁剪远程 WAL 的时间间隔
设置为 `0s` 表示禁止自动裁剪 |\n | `wal.trigger_flush_threshold` | Integer | `0` | 自动 WAL 裁剪中触发 region flush 操作的阈值
当满足以下条件时，metasrv 会对 region 发送 flush 请求：
`trigger_flush_threshold` + `prunable_entry_id` < `max_prunable_entry_id`
其中：
- `prunable_entry_id` 是该 region 可裁剪的最大日志条目 ID，在该 ID 之前的日志都不被该 region 使用
- `max_prunable_entry_id` 是使用与该 region 同一 kafka topic 的所有 region 可裁剪的最大日志条目 ID，在该 ID 之前的日志都不再被任一 region 使用
设置为 `0` 以禁止在自动 WAL 裁剪中触发 region flush 操作 |\n | `wal.auto_prune_parallelism` | Integer | `10` | 自动 WAL 裁剪的最大并行任务限制，其中每个任务负责一个 kafka topic 的 WAL 裁剪 |\n | `wal.num_topics` | Integer | `64` | Topic 数量 |\n | wal.selector_type | String | `round_robin` | topic selector 类型
可用 selector 类型：
- round_robin（默认） |\n | wal.topic_name_prefix | String | `greptimedb_wal_topic` | 一个 Kafka topic 是通过连接 topic_name_prefix 和 topic_id 构建的 |\n | wal.replication_factor | Integer | `1` | 每个分区的副本数 |\n | wal.create_topic_timeout | String | `30s` | 超过该时间后，topic 创建操作将被取消 |\n","external_storage_diff",{"_988":989,"_990":-5},"files_modified","lines_added",15,"lines_removed",8,"commit_message","docs: address configuration review 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\"GreptimeDB 部署配置\"","keywords: [配置指南, 命令行选项, 配置文件, 环境变量, 协议选项, 存储选项, WAL 选项, 日志选项]","description: GreptimeDB 的配置指南，介绍了命令行选项、配置文件、环境变量、协议选项、存储选项、WAL 选项、日志选项等详细配置方法。","# 配置 GreptimeDB","GreptimeDB 提供了层次化的配置能力，按照下列优先顺序来生效配置（每个项目都会覆盖下面的项目）：","- Greptime 命令行选项","- 配置文件选项","- 环境变量","- 默认值","你只需要设置所需的配置项。","GreptimeDB 将为未配置的任何设置分配默认值。","## 如何设置配置项","### Greptime 命令行选项","你可以使用命令行参数指定多个配置项。","例如，以配置的 HTTP 地址启动 GreptimeDB 的独立模式：","```shell","greptime standalone start --http-addr 127.0.0.1:4000","```","有关 Greptime 命令行支持的所有选项，请参阅 [GreptimeDB 命令行界面](/reference/command-lines/overview.md)。","### 配置文件选项","你可以在 TOML 文件中指定配置项。","例如，创建一个名为 `standalone.example.toml` 的配置文件，如下所示：","```toml","[storage]","data_home = \"./greptimedb_data\"","type = \"File\"","然后使用命令行参数 `-c [file_path]` 指定配置文件。","```sh","greptime [standalone | frontend | datanode | flownode | metasrv] start -c config/standalone.example.toml","例如以 standalone 模式启动 GreptimeDB：","```bash","greptime standalone start -c standalone.example.toml","#### 示例文件","以下是每个 GreptimeDB 组件的示例配置文件，包括所有可用配置项。","在实际场景中，你只需要配置所需的选项，不需要像示例文件中那样配置所有选项。","- [独立模式](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/standalone.example.toml)","- [前端](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/frontend.example.toml)","- [数据节点](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/datanode.example.toml)","- [流节点](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/flownode.example.toml)","- [元服务](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/metasrv.example.toml)","### Helm 配置","当使用 Helm 在 Kubernetes 上部署 GreptimeDB 时，你可以直接在 Helm `values.yaml` 文件中做相应的设置。","请参阅 [Helm 配置项文档](/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/common-helm-chart-configurations.md)了解所有 Helm 支持的配置项。","对于仅在本篇文档中[可用的配置项](#配置项)，你可以通过[注入 TOML 配置文件](/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/common-helm-chart-configurations.md#注入配置文件)来设置配置。","### 环境变量","配置文件中的每个项目都可以映射到环境变量。","例如，使用环境变量设置数据节点的 `data_home` 配置项：","# ...","data_home = \"/data/greptimedb\"","使用以下 shell 命令以以下格式设置环境变量：","export GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE__STORAGE__DATA_HOME=/data/greptimedb","#### 环境变量规则","- 每个环境变量应具有组件前缀，例如："," - `GREPTIMEDB_FRONTEND`"," - `GREPTIMEDB_METASRV`"," - `GREPTIMEDB_DATANODE`"," - `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`"," - `GREPTIMEDB_STANDALONE`","- 使用**双下划线 `__`**作为分隔符。例如，数据结构 `storage.data_home` 转换为 `STORAGE__DATA_HOME`。","环境变量还接受以逗号 `,` 分隔的列表，例如：","GREPTIMEDB_METASRV__META_CLIENT__METASRV_ADDRS=127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002,127.0.0.1:3003","## 配置项","本节将介绍主要的配置项，请前往 GitHub 查看[所有配置项](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/config.md)。","### 写入内存限制选项","内存限制选项控制所有协议（HTTP、gRPC 和 Arrow Flight）并发写入请求使用的总内存。","这些选项适用于 `frontend` 和 `standalone` 子命令。","# 所有并发写入请求体和消息的最大总内存","# 设置为 0 表示禁用限制（默认为无限制）","max_in_flight_write_bytes = \"1GB\"","# 写入字节配额耗尽时的策略","# 可选值：`wait`（默认，10 秒超时）、`wait()`（例如 `wait(30s)`）、`fail`","write_bytes_exhausted_policy = \"wait\"","| 配置项 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","| ------------------------------- | ------ | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `max_in_flight_write_bytes` | 字符串 | `0` | 所有并发写入请求体和消息（HTTP、gRPC、Flight）的最大总内存。设置为 `0` 表示禁用限制（无限制）。支持的单位：`B`、`KB`、`MB`、`GB` 等。示例：`1GB` 将并发写入总量限制为 1GB。 |","| `write_bytes_exhausted_policy` | 字符串 | `wait` | 写入字节配额耗尽时的策略。可选值：`wait`（默认，等待最多 10 秒）、`wait()`（自定义超时时间，例如 `wait(30s)`）、`fail`（立即拒绝请求）。 |","### Datanode 查询并发限制","这些选项用于限制单个 datanode 上可同时运行的读取查询数量。","查询会一直计入并发限制，直到查询完成或客户端关闭结果流。","如果达到并发限制，新查询最多等待 `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` 配置的时间；如果仍然没有可用名额，查询将失败。","这些选项适用于 `datanode` 子命令。","# Datanode 上允许同时运行的最大读取查询数量。","# 设置为 0 表示禁用限制（默认为无限制）。","max_concurrent_queries = 0","# 当达到 max_concurrent_queries 时，查询等待可用名额的最长时间。","concurrent_query_limiter_timeout = \"100ms\"","| 配置项 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","| ---------------------------------- | ------ | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `max_concurrent_queries` | 整数 | `0` | Datanode 上允许同时运行的最大读取查询数量。设置为 `0` 表示禁用限制。 |","| `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` | 字符串 | `100ms` | 当达到 `max_concurrent_queries` 后，查询等待可用名额的最长时间。如果超时后仍然没有可用名额，查询将失败。 |","### 协议选项","协议选项适用于 `frontend` 和 `standalone` 子命令，它指定了协议服务器地址和其他协议相关的选项。",":::tip 提示","HTTP 协议配置适用于所有 GreptimeDB 组件：`frontend`、`datanode`、`flownode` 和 `metasrv`。",":::","下面的示例配置包含了所有协议选项的默认值。","你可以在配置文件中更改这些值或禁用某些协议。","例如禁用 OpenTSDB 协议支持，可以将 `enable` 参数设置为 `false`。","请注意，为了保障数据库的正常工作，无法禁用 HTTP 和 gRPC 协议。","[http]","addr = \"127.0.0.1:4000\"","timeout = \"0s\"","body_limit = \"64MB\"","enable_cors = true","# cors_allowed_origins = [\"https://example.com\"] # Optional: customize allowed origins","prom_validation_mode = \"strict\"","experimental_enable_prometheus_native_histogram = false","experimental_enable_explain_analyze_stream = false","[grpc]","bind_addr = \"127.0.0.1:4001\"","runtime_size = 8","[grpc.tls]","mode = \"disable\"","cert_path = \"\"","key_path = \"\"","watch = false","[mysql]","enable = true","addr = \"127.0.0.1:4002\"","runtime_size = 2","keep_alive = \"0s\"","prepared_stmt_cache_size = 10000","[mysql.tls]","[postgres]","addr = \"127.0.0.1:4003\"","[postgres.tls]","[opentsdb]","[influxdb]","# InfluxDB 协议自动创建表时使用的默认 merge 模式。","# 可选值：\"last_non_null\"、\"last_row\"。","default_merge_mode = \"last_non_null\"","[jaeger]","[otlp]","trace_ingest_chunk_size = 128","[prom_store]","with_metric_engine = true","pending_rows_flush_interval = \"0s\"","max_batch_rows = 100000","max_concurrent_flushes = 256","worker_channel_capacity = 65526","max_inflight_requests = 3000","下表描述了每个选项的详细信息：","| 选项 | 键 | 类型 | 描述 |","| ---------- | ------------------ | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |","| http | | | HTTP 服务器选项 |","| | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4000\" |","| | timeout | 字符串 | HTTP 请求超时时间。设为 \"0s\" 可禁用超时（默认值为 \"0s\"）。 |","| | body_limit | 字符串 | HTTP 最大体积大小，默认为 \"64MB\" |","| | prom_validation_mode | 字符串 | 在 Prometheus Remote Write 协议中是否检查字符串是否为有效的 UTF-8 字符串。可用选项：`strict`（拒绝任何包含无效 UTF-8 字符串的请求），`lossy`（用 [UTF-8 REPLACEMENT CHARACTER](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G24272)（即 `�` ）替换无效字符），`unchecked`（不验证字符串有效性）。 |","| grpc | | | gRPC 服务器选项 |","| | bind_addr | 字符串 | gRPC 服务绑定地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4001\" |","| | runtime_size | 整数 | 服务器工作线程数量，默认为 8 |","| | max_connection_age | 字符串 | gRPC 连接在服务端保持的最长时间。参见 [\"MAX_CONNECTION_AGE\"](https://grpc.io/docs/guides/keepalive/)。默认不设置。示例：\"1h\" 表示 1 小时，\"30m\" 表示 30 分钟 |","| | flight_compression | 字符串 | Frontend 的 Arrow IPC 服务的压缩模式。可用选项：`none`：禁用所有压缩，`transport`：仅启用 gRPC 传输压缩（zstd），`arrow_ipc`：仅启用 Arrow IPC 压缩（lz4），`all`：启用所有压缩。默认值为 `none`。|","| mysql | | | MySQL 服务器选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 MySQL 协议，默认为 true |","| | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4002\" |","| | runtime_size | 整数 | 服务器工作线程数量，默认为 2 |","| influxdb | | | InfluxDB 协议选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 InfluxDB 协议，默认为 true |","| | default_merge_mode | 字符串 | InfluxDB 协议自动创建表时使用的默认 merge 模式。可选值：`last_non_null`、`last_row`。默认值：`last_non_null` |","| opentsdb | | | OpenTSDB 协议选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 OpenTSDB 协议，默认为 true |","| jaeger | | | Jaeger 协议选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 Jaeger 协议，默认为 true |","| otlp | | | OpenTelemetry 协议选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 OpenTelemetry 协议，默认为 true |","| | trace_ingest_chunk_size | 整数 | 每个 trace 写入分块的最大 span 数量。设为 `0` 可禁用分块。 |","| prom_store | | | Prometheus 远程存储选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否在 HTTP API 中启用 Prometheus 远程读写，默认为 true |","| | with_metric_engine | 布尔值 | 是否在 Prometheus 远程写入中使用 Metric Engine，默认为 true |","| | pending_rows_flush_interval | 字符串 | Prometheus Remote Write 批量刷写的时间间隔。设为非零值（如 `500ms`）以启用[批量写入模式](/user-guide/ingest-data/for-observability/prometheus.md#批量写入模式)，默认为 `0s`（禁用） |","| | max_batch_rows | 整数 | 触发刷写的最大批量行数，默认为 100000 |","| | max_concurrent_flushes | 整数 | 同时执行的最大刷写操作数量，默认为 256 |","| | worker_channel_capacity | 整数 | 内部接收行数据的 worker 通道容量，默认为 65526 |","| | max_inflight_requests | 整数 | 等待批量完成的最大请求数，默认为 3000 |","| postgres | | | PostgresSQL 服务器选项 |","| | enable | 布尔值 | 是否启用 PostgresSQL 协议，默认为 true |","| | addr | 字符串 | 服务器地址，默认为 \"127.0.0.1:4003\" |","对 MySQL，Postgres 和 gRPC 接口，我们支持 TLS 配置","| Option | Key | Type | Description |","|------------------------------------------|-------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|","| `mysql.tls`，`postgres.tls` 或 `grpc.tls` | | | MySQL 或 Postgres 的 TLS 配置 |","| | `mode` | String | TLS 模式，支持 `disable`, `prefer` and `require` |","| | `cert_path` | String | TLS 证书文件路径 |","| | `key_path` | String | TLS 私钥文件路径 |","| | `watch` | Boolean | 监控文件变化，自动重新加载证书或私钥 |","### 查询选项","`查询`选项在 standalone、datanode 和 frontend 模式下有效，用于控制查询引擎的行为。","下表详细描述了这些选项：","| 选项 | 键 | 类型 | 描述 |","| ----------- | ------------------ | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| parallelism | 整数 | `0` | 查询引擎的并行度。默认为 0，表示 CPU 核心数。 |","示例配置：","[query]","parallelism = 0","### 存储选项","`存储`选项在 `datanode` 和 `standalone` 模式下有效，它指定了数据库数据目录和其他存储相关的选项。","GreptimeDB 支持将数据保存在本地文件系统，AWS S3 以及其兼容服务（比如 MinIO、digitalocean space、腾讯 COS、百度对象存储（BOS）等），Azure Blob Storage 和阿里云 OSS。","| 选项 | 键 | 类型 | 描述 |","| ------- | ----------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------------------- |","| storage | | | 存储选项 |","| | type | 字符串 | 存储类型，支持 \"File\"，\"S3\" 和 \"Oss\" 等。 |","| File | | | 本地文件存储选项，当 type=\"File\" 时有效 |","| | data_home | 字符串 | 数据库存储根目录，默认为 \"./greptimedb_data\" |","| S3 | | | AWS S3 存储选项，当 type=\"S3\" 时有效 |","| | name | 字符串 | 存储提供商名字，默认为 `S3` |","| | bucket | 字符串 | S3 桶名称 |","| | root | 字符串 | S3 桶中的根路径 |","| | endpoint | 字符串 | S3 的 API 端点 |","| | region | 字符串 | S3 区域 |","| | access_key_id | 字符串 | S3 访问密钥 id |","| | secret_access_key | 字符串 | S3 秘密访问密钥 |","| | enable_virtual_host_style | 布尔值 | 使用 virtual-host-style 域名而不是 path-style 域名调用 API，默认为 false |","| Oss | | | 阿里云 OSS 存储选项，当 type=\"Oss\" 时有效 |","| | name | 字符串 | 存储提供商名字，默认为 `Oss` |","| | bucket | 字符串 | OSS 桶名称 |","| | root | 字符串 | OSS 桶中的根路径 |","| | endpoint | 字符串 | OSS 的 API 端点 |","| | access_key_id | 字符串 | OSS 访问密钥 id |","| | access_key_secret | 字符串 | OSS 秘密访问密钥 |","| Azblob | | | Azure Blob 存储选项，当 type=\"Azblob\" 时有效 |","| | name | 字符串 | 存储提供商名字，默认为 `Azblob` |","| | container | 字符串 | 容器名称 |","| | root | 字符串 | 容器中的根路径 |","| | endpoint | 字符串 | Azure Blob 存储的 API 端点 |","| | account_name | 字符串 | Azure Blob 存储的账户名 |","| | account_key | 字符串 | 访问密钥 |","| | sas_token | 字符串 | 共享访问签名 |","| Gsc | | | Google Cloud Storage 存储选项，当 type=\"Gsc\" 时有效 |","| | name | 字符串 | 存储提供商名字，默认为 `Gsc` |","| | root | 字符串 | Gsc 桶中的根路径 |","| | bucket | 字符串 | Gsc 桶名称 |","| | scope | 字符串 | Gsc 权限 |","| | credential_path | 字符串 | Gsc 访问证书 |","| | endpoint | 字符串 | GSC 的 API 端点 |","文件存储配置范例：","s3 配置范例：","type = \"S3\"","bucket = \"test_greptimedb\"","root = \"/greptimedb\"","access_key_id = \"\"","secret_access_key = \"\"","### 存储服务的 http 客户端","`[storage.http_client]` 设置了向存储服务发送请求的 http 客户端的各种配置。","仅当存储服务类型是“S3”，“Oss”，“Azblob”或“Gcs”时生效。","| Key | 类型 | 默认值 | 含义 |","|--------------------------|-----|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|","| `pool_max_idle_per_host` | 数字 | `1024` | http 连接池中对每个 host 的最大空闲连接数。 |","| `connect_timeout` | 字符串 | `30s` | http 客户端在进行连接时的超时 |","| `timeout` | 字符串 | `30s` | 总的 http 请求超时，包括了从建立连接到接收完返回值为止的时间。也可视为一个请求从开始到结束的一个完整的截止时间。 |","| `pool_idle_timeout` | 字符串 | `90s` | 对空闲连接进行保活（ \"keep-alive\" ）的超时。 |","### 存储引擎提供商","`[[storage.providers]]` 用来设置存储引擎的提供商列表。基于这个配置，你可以为每张表指定不同的存储引擎，具体请参考 [create table](/reference/sql/create.md#create-table):","# Allows using multiple storages","[[storage.providers]]","name = \"S3\"","name = \"Gcs\"","type = \"Gcs\"","credential_path = \"\"","所有配置的这些存储引擎提供商的 `name` 都可以在创建表时用作 `storage` 选项。","对于同样提供商的存储，比如你希望使用不同 S3 bucket 来作为不同表的存储引擎，你就可以设置不同的 `name`，并在创建表的时候指定 `storage` 选项。","### 对象存储缓存","在使用 AWS S3、阿里云 OSS 或 Azure Blob Storage 等远程存储服务时，查询过程中获取数据通常会很耗时，尤其在公有云环境。为了解决这个问题，GreptimeDB 提供了写入缓存机制来加速重复数据的访问。","你可以通过修改 mito 的配置调整缓存的大小和行为。","[[region_engine]]","[region_engine.mito]","write_cache_size = \"10GiB\"","# 在写入缓存未命中时从对象存储下载文件填充缓存","enable_refill_cache_on_read = true","默认情况下，当查询时发生缓存未命中，GreptimeDB 会自动从对象存储下载文件填充写入缓存（`enable_refill_cache_on_read = true`）。这可以提高后续查询性能，使频繁访问的数据保留在写入缓存中。如果你想减少网络流量或存储成本，可以通过设置 `enable_refill_cache_on_read = false` 来禁用此行为。","更详细的信息请参阅[性能调优技巧](/user-guide/deployments-administration/performance-tuning/performance-tuning-tips.md)。","### WAL 选项","GreptimeDB 支持三种 WAL 存储方式：本地 WAL、Remote WAL 和 Noop WAL。关于它们的对比，请参见 [WAL 概述](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/overview.md)。具体配置可参考 [本地 WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/local-wal.md)、[Remote WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/remote-wal/configuration.md) 和 [Noop WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/noop-wal.md) 文档。","### Logging 选项","`frontend`、`metasrv`、`datanode` 和 `standalone` 都可以在 `[logging]` 部分配置 log、tracing 相关参数：","[logging]","dir = \"./greptimedb_data/logs\"","level = \"info\"","enable_otlp_tracing = false","enable_per_region_metrics = false","otlp_endpoint = \"localhost:4317\"","append_stdout = true","[logging.tracing_sample_ratio]","default_ratio = 1.0","- `dir`: log 输出目录。","- `level`: log 输出的日志等级，日志等级有 `info`, `debug`, `error`, `warn`，默认等级为 `info`。","- `enable_otlp_tracing`：是否打开分布式追踪，默认不开启。","- `enable_per_region_metrics`：是否暴露 Prometheus 的 Region 维度查询负载指标，包括 `greptime_mito_region_query_cpu_time` 和 `greptime_mito_region_query_scanned_bytes`。该选项默认关闭，因为它会为每个 Region 产生一条时间序列。通过 heartbeat 上报并在 `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REGION_STATISTICS` 中暴露的查询统计信息不受该选项控制。","- `otlp_endpoint`：使用基于 gRPC 的 OTLP 协议导出 tracing 的目标端点，默认值为 `localhost:4317`。","- `append_stdout`：是否将日志打印到 stdout。默认是`true`。","- `tracing_sample_ratio`：该字段可以配置 tracing 的采样率，如何使用 `tracing_sample_ratio`，请参考 [如何配置 tracing 采样率](/user-guide/deployments-administration/monitoring/tracing.md#指南如何配置-tracing-采样率)。","如何使用分布式追踪，请参考 [Tracing](/user-guide/deployments-administration/monitoring/tracing.md#教程使用-jaeger-追踪-greptimedb-调用链路)","### Region 引擎选项","datanode 和 standalone 在 `[region_engine]` 部分可以配置不同存储引擎的对应参数。目前可以配置 `mito` 和 `metric` 存储引擎的选项。","部分常用的选项如下","num_workers = 8","manifest_checkpoint_distance = 10","max_background_flushes = 4","max_background_compactions = 2","max_background_purges = 4","auto_flush_interval = \"1h\"","global_write_buffer_size = \"1GB\"","global_write_buffer_reject_size = \"2GB\"","sst_meta_cache_size = \"128MB\"","vector_cache_size = \"512MB\"","page_cache_size = \"512MB\"","write_cache_size = \"5GB\"","write_cache_ttl = \"8h\"","scan_memory_limit = \"unlimited\"","scan_memory_on_exhausted = \"fail\"","min_compaction_interval = \"0m\"","schedule_compaction_after_edit = true","default_flat_format = true","sst_write_buffer_size = \"8MB\"","max_concurrent_scan_files = 384","[region_engine.mito.index]","aux_path = \"\"","staging_size = \"2GB\"","staging_ttl = \"7d\"","metadata_cache_size = \"64MiB\"","content_cache_size = \"128MiB\"","content_cache_page_size = \"64KiB\"","result_cache_size = \"128MiB\"","[region_engine.mito.inverted_index]","create_on_flush = \"auto\"","create_on_compaction = \"auto\"","apply_on_query = \"auto\"","mem_threshold_on_create = \"64M\"","intermediate_path = \"\"","[region_engine.mito.memtable]","type = \"time_series\"","此外，`mito` 也提供了一个实验性质的 memtable。该 memtable 主要优化大量时间序列下的写入性能和内存占用。其查询性能可能会不如默认的 `time_series` memtable。","type = \"partition_tree\"","index_max_keys_per_shard = 8192","data_freeze_threshold = 32768","fork_dictionary_bytes = \"1GiB\"","以下是可供使用的选项","| 键 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","| ---------------------------------------- | ------ | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `num_workers` | 整数 | `8` | 写入线程数量 |","| `manifest_checkpoint_distance` | 整数 | `10` | 每写入 `manifest_checkpoint_distance` 个 manifest 文件创建一次 checkpoint |","| `compress_manifest` | 布尔值 | `false` | 是否使用 gzip 压缩 manifest 和 checkpoint 文件。 |","| `max_background_flushes` | 整数 | `自动` | 后台 flush 任务数（默认：1/2 CPU 核心数）。 |","| `max_background_compactions` | 整数 | `自动` | 后台 compaction 任务数（默认：1/4 CPU 核心数）。 |","| `max_background_purges` | 整数 | `自动` | 后台 purge 任务数（默认：CPU 核心数）。 |","| `auto_flush_interval` | 字符串 | `1h` | 自动 flush 超过 `auto_flush_interval` 没 flush 的 region |","| `global_write_buffer_size` | 字符串 | `1GB` | 写入缓冲区大小，默认值为内存总量的 1/8，但不会超过 1GB |","| `global_write_buffer_reject_size` | 字符串 | `2GB` | 写入缓冲区内数据的大小超过 `global_write_buffer_reject_size` 后拒绝写入请求，默认为 `global_write_buffer_size` 的 2 倍 |","| `sst_meta_cache_size` | 字符串 | `128MB` | SST 元数据缓存大小。设为 0 可关闭该缓存
默认为内存的 1/32，不超过 128MB |","| `vector_cache_size` | 字符串 | `512MB` | 内存向量和 arrow array 的缓存大小。设为 0 可关闭该缓存
默认为内存的 1/16，不超过 512MB |","| `page_cache_size` | 字符串 | `512MB` | SST 数据页的缓存。设为 0 可关闭该缓存
默认为内存的 1/8 |","| `write_cache_size` | 字符串 | `5GiB` | 写入缓存容量。如果磁盘空间充足，建议设置更大的值。 |","| `write_cache_ttl` | 字符串 | `8h` | 写入缓存的 TTL。默认为 8 小时。 |","| `preload_index_cache` | 布尔值 | `true` | 在 region 打开时预加载索引（puffin）文件到缓存（默认：true）。
启用时，索引文件会在 region 初始化期间加载到写入缓存中，
这可以提高查询性能，但会延长启动时间。 |","| `index_cache_percent` | 整数 | `20` | 为索引（puffin）文件分配的写入缓存容量百分比（默认：20）。
剩余容量用于数据（parquet）文件。
必须在 0 到 100 之间（不包括边界）。例如，对于 5GiB 的写入缓存和 20% 的分配，
1GiB 保留给索引文件，4GiB 用于数据文件。 |","| `enable_refill_cache_on_read` | 布尔值 | `true` | 启用读取操作时的缓存回填（默认：true）。
禁用时，不会在读取时回填缓存。 |","| `manifest_cache_size` | 字符串 | `256MB` | Manifest 缓存容量（默认：256MB）。 |","| `selector_result_cache_size` | 字符串 | `512MB` | `last_value()` 等时间线检索结果的缓存。设为 0 可关闭该缓存
未设置时默认为内存的 1/16，不超过 512MB。 |","| `range_result_cache_size` | 字符串 | `512MB` | Flat range scan 结果的缓存大小。设为 0 可关闭该缓存。
未设置时默认为内存的 1/16，不超过 512MB。 |","| `prefilter_result_cache_size` | 字符串 | `128MB` | Prefilter 结果的缓存大小。设为 0 可关闭该缓存。
未设置时默认为内存的 1/32，不超过 128MB。 |","| `sst_write_buffer_size` | 字符串 | `8MB` | SST 的写缓存大小 |","| `max_concurrent_scan_files` | 整数 | `384` | 最大并发扫描的 SST 文件数量。 |","| `allow_stale_entries` | 布尔值 | `false` | 是否允许 replay 时读取陈旧的 WAL 条目。 |","| `scan_memory_limit` | 字符串 | `unlimited` | 所有查询的表扫描内存限制。支持绝对大小（如 \"2GB\"）或系统内存百分比（如 \"20%\"）。设为 0 或 \"unlimited\" 可禁用限制。 |","| `scan_memory_on_exhausted` | 字符串 | `fail` | 扫描内存耗尽时的行为。选项：`fail`（快速失败），`wait` 或 `wait()`（等待内存）。 |","| `min_compaction_interval` | 字符串 | `0m` | 两次 compaction 之间的最小时间间隔。设为 \"0m\"（默认）允许 compactions 立即运行，无限制。 |","| `schedule_compaction_after_edit` | 布尔值 | `true` | 是否允许在成功的 region edit 之后调度 compaction。
设为 `true` 是在 region edit 后调度 compaction 的必要但不充分条件，`min_compaction_interval` 等其他约束仍可能阻止 compaction 被调度。
设为 `false` 则保证 region edit 后不会调度 compaction。 |","| `default_flat_format` | 布尔值 | `true` | 是否启用 Flat 格式作为默认 SST 格式。 |","| `scan_parallelism` | 整数 | `0` | （已弃用，请使用 `max_concurrent_scan_files`）旧版扫描并发度选项。 |","| `index` | -- | -- | Mito 引擎中索引的选项。 |","| `index.aux_path` | 字符串 | `\"\"` | 文件系统中索引的辅助目录路径，用于存储创建索引的中间文件和搜索索引的暂存文件，默认为 `{data_home}/index_intermediate`。为了向后兼容，该目录的默认名称为 `index_intermediate`。此路径包含两个子目录：- `__intm`: 用于存储创建索引时使用的中间文件。- `staging`: 用于存储搜索索引时使用的暂存文件。 |","| `index.staging_size` | 字符串 | `2GB` | 暂存目录的最大容量。 |","| `index.staging_ttl` | 字符串 | `7d` | 暂存目录的 TTL。默认为 7 天。设为 \"0s\" 可禁用 TTL。 |","| `index.metadata_cache_size` | 字符串 | `64MiB` | 索引元数据的缓存大小。
未设置时默认为内存的 1/32，不超过 64MiB。 |","| `index.content_cache_size` | 字符串 | `128MiB` | 索引内容的缓存大小。
未设置时默认为内存的 1/16，不超过 128MiB。 |","| `index.content_cache_page_size` | 字符串 | `64KiB` | 倒排索引内容缓存的页大小。 |","| `index.result_cache_size` | 字符串 | `128MiB` | 索引查询结果的缓存大小。
未设置时默认为内存的 1/16，不超过 128MiB。 |","| `inverted_index.create_on_flush` | 字符串 | `auto` | 是否在 flush 时构建索引
- `auto`: 自动
- `disable`: 从不 |","| `inverted_index.create_on_compaction` | 字符串 | `auto` | 是否在 compaction 时构建索引
- `auto`: 自动
- `disable`: 从不 |","| `inverted_index.apply_on_query` | 字符串 | `auto` | 是否在查询时使用索引
- `auto`: 自动
- `disable`: 从不 |","| `inverted_index.mem_threshold_on_create` | 字符串 | `64M` | 创建索引时如果超过该内存阈值则改为使用外部排序
设置为空会关闭外排，在内存中完成所有排序 |","| `inverted_index.intermediate_path` | 字符串 | `\"\"` | 存放外排临时文件的路径 (默认 `{data_home}/index_intermediate`). |","| `memtable.type` | 字符串 | `time_series` | Memtable type.
- `time_series`: time-series memtable
- `partition_tree`: partition tree memtable (实验性功能) |","| `memtable.index_max_keys_per_shard` | 整数 | `8192` | 一个 shard 内的主键数
只对 `partition_tree` memtable 生效 |","| `memtable.data_freeze_threshold` | 整数 | `32768` | 一个 shard 内写缓存可容纳的最大行数
只对 `partition_tree` memtable 生效 |","| `memtable.fork_dictionary_bytes` | 字符串 | `1GiB` | 主键字典的大小
只对 `partition_tree` memtable 生效 |","`metric` 引擎针对包含大量小表的 metrics 数据进行了优化：","[region_engine.metric]","sparse_primary_key_encoding = true","可用选项：","| 键 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","| --------------------------------- | ------ | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `sparse_primary_key_encoding` | 布尔值 | `true` | 是否使用稀疏主键编码。此优化通过仅编码非空主键列来提高写入和查询性能。 |","### 设定 meta client","`meta_client` 选项适用于 `datanode` 和 `frontend` 模块，用于指定 Metasrv 的相关信息。","[meta_client]","metasrv_addrs = [\"127.0.0.1:3002\"]","timeout = \"3s\"","connect_timeout = \"1s\"","ddl_timeout = \"10s\"","tcp_nodelay = true","通过 `meta_client` 配置 metasrv 客户端，包括：","- `metasrv_addrs`，Metasrv 地址列表，对应 Metasrv 启动配置的 server address。","- `timeout`，操作超时时长，默认为 3 秒。","- `connect_timeout`，连接服务器超时时长，默认为 1 秒。","- `ddl_timeout`，DDL 执行的超时时间，默认 10 秒。","- `tcp_nodelay`，接受连接时的 `TCP_NODELAY` 选项，默认为 true。","### 心跳配置","在分布式模式下，心跳间隔由 Metasrv 的 `heartbeat_interval` 选项统一控制。","heartbeat_interval = \"3s\"","# 顶层配置项：上报心跳扩展信息时读取的环境变量","heartbeat_env_vars = [\"AZ\", \"REGION\"]","| 键 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","|------------------------|--------|--------|------|","| `heartbeat_interval` | 字符串 | `3s` | Metasrv 的基础心跳间隔。Frontend 的心跳间隔为该值的 6 倍，Datanode/Flownode 的心跳间隔与该值相同。心跳间隔会在握手阶段由 Metasrv 协商下发，节点本地配置不会覆盖该值。 |","| `heartbeat_env_vars` | 数组 | `[]` | 顶层配置项。启动时读取并通过心跳消息上报给 Metasrv 的环境变量键名列表。所列环境变量的值将作为心跳扩展信息发送，并存储在 Metasrv 的节点信息中。例如，`heartbeat_env_vars = [\"AZ\", \"REGION\"]` 将收集 `AZ` 和 `REGION` 环境变量。**请勿包含敏感变量**（如密钥或凭据），因为其值会被传输并存储在 Metasrv 中。 |","### 默认时区配置","`default_timezone` 选项适用于 `frontend` 模块和 `standalone` 模式，默认值为 `UTC`。","它指定了与 GreptimeDB 交互时的客户端默认时区。","如果在客户端中[指定了时区](/user-guide/timezone.md#在客户端中指定时区)，此选项将在该客户端会话中被覆盖。","default_timezone = \"UTC\"","`default_timezone` 的值可以是任何时区名称，例如 `Europe/Berlin` 或 `Asia/Shanghai`。","有关客户端时区如何影响数据的写入和查询，请参阅[时区](/user-guide/timezone.md#时区对-sql-语句的影响)文档。","### 仅限于 Metasrv 的配置","# 工作主目录。","# metasrv 存储后端服务器地址，默认为 etcd 实现。","# 对于 postgres 存储后端，格式为：","# \"password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432\"","# 对于 mysql 存储后端，格式为：","# \"mysql://user:password@ip:port/dbname\"","# 对于 etcd 存储后端，格式为：","# \"127.0.0.1:2379\"","store_addrs = [\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]","# 如果不为空，metasrv 将使用此键前缀存储所有数据。","store_key_prefix = \"\"","# metasrv 的存储后端类型。","# 可选项：","# - `etcd_store`（默认值）","# - `memory_store`","# - `postgres_store`","# - `mysql_store`","backend = \"etcd_store\"","# 在 RDS 中存储元数据的表名。仅在使用 RDS kvbackend 时生效。","# **仅在 backend 为 `postgres_store` 或 `mysql_store` 时使用。**","meta_table_name = \"greptime_metakv\"","# PostgreSQL 元数据表和选举表使用的 schema。","# 当 PostgreSQL public schema 不可写时（例如 PostgreSQL 15+ 限制 public schema），","# 请设置为一个可写的 schema。GreptimeDB 将使用 `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`。","# **仅在 backend 为 `postgres_store` 时使用。**","meta_schema_name = \"greptime_schema\"","# 如果 PostgreSQL schema 不存在，是否自动创建。","auto_create_schema = true","## PostgreSQL 选举的咨询锁 ID。仅在使用 PostgreSQL 作为 kvbackend 时生效。","## 仅当后端为 `postgres_store` 时使用。","meta_election_lock_id = 1","# Datanode 选择器类型。","# - `round_robin`（默认值）","# - `lease_based`","# - `load_based`","# 详情请参阅 [selector 文档](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md)","selector = \"round_robin\"","# 是否启用 region failover。","# 该功能仅适用于运行在集群模式下的 GreptimeDB，并且需要满足以下条件：","# - 使用 Remote WAL，或使用 Local WAL 且将 `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` 设置为 `true`","# - 使用共享存储（例如 S3）","enable_region_failover = false","## 设置启动 region 故障检测的延迟时间。","## 该延迟有助于避免在所有 Datanode 尚未完全启动时，Metasrv 过早启动 region 故障检测，从而导致不必要的 region failover。","## 尤其适用于未通过 GreptimeDB Operator 部署的集群，此时可能未正确启用集群维护模式，提前检测可能会引发误判。","region_failure_detector_initialization_delay = \"10m\"","# 是否允许在本地 WAL 上进行 region failover。","# **此选项不建议设置为 true，","# 因为这可能会在故障转移期间导致数据丢失。**","allow_region_failover_on_local_wal = false","## 从 metasrv 内存中删除节点信息前允许的最大空闲时间。","node_max_idle_time = \"24hours\"","# 用于计算分布式时间常量的基础心跳间隔。","# 心跳间隔由 metasrv 在握手期间协商，本地节点配置不会覆盖该值。","# heartbeat_interval = \"3s\"","# 是否启用 GreptimeDB telemetry，默认启用。","# enable_telemetry = true","# kv store backend 的 TLS 配置（适用于 etcd、PostgreSQL 和 MySQL backend）。","[backend_tls]","mode = \"prefer\"","ca_cert_path = \"\"","## 后端客户端选项。","## 目前仅适用于使用 etcd 作为元数据存储时。","[backend_client]","## 后端客户端的保持连接超时时间。","keep_alive_timeout = \"3s\"","## 后端客户端的保持连接间隔。","keep_alive_interval = \"10s\"","## 后端客户端的连接超时时间。","connect_timeout = \"3s\"","## gRPC 服务器选项。","bind_addr = \"127.0.0.1:3002\"","server_addr = \"127.0.0.1:3002\"","## gRPC server 的最大接收消息大小。","max_recv_message_size = \"512MB\"","## gRPC server 的最大发送消息大小。","max_send_message_size = \"512MB\"","## 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接间隔","http2_keep_alive_interval = \"10s\"","## 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接超时时间。","http2_keep_alive_timeout = \"3s\"","## HTTP server 选项。","## Procedure 选项","[procedure]","## 最大重试次数","max_retry_times = 12","## 程序的初始重试延迟","retry_delay = \"500ms\"","## 自动拆分较大的值。","max_metadata_value_size = \"1500KiB\"","## 最大运行程序数。","## 同一时间可以运行的程序最大数量。","## 如果运行的程序数量超过此限制，程序将被拒绝。","max_running_procedures = 128","# Failure detector 选项","# GreptimeDB 使用 Phi 累积故障检测器算法来检测数据节点故障。","[failure_detector]","## 判定节点故障前可接受的最大 φ 值。","## 较低的值反应更快但会产生更多误报。","threshold = 8.0","## 心跳间隔的最小标准差。","## 防止微小变化导致 φ 值激增。在心跳间隔变化很小时防止过度敏感。","min_std_deviation = \"100ms\"","## 心跳之间可接受的暂停时长。","## 在 φ 值上升前为学习到的平均间隔提供额外的宽限期，吸收临时网络故障或GC暂停。","acceptable_heartbeat_pause = \"10000ms\"","## Datanode 选项。","[datanode]","## Datanode 客户端配置。","[datanode.client]","## 操作超时时间","timeout = \"10s\"","## 连接服务器超时时间。","connect_timeout = \"10s\"","## 接受连接时的 `TCP_NODELAY` 选项，默认为 true。","[wal]","# 可用的 WAL 提供者：","# - `raft_engine`（默认）：由于 metasrv 目前仅涉及远程 WAL，因此没有 raft-engine WAL 配置。","# - `kafka`：在 datanode 中使用 kafka WAL 提供者时，metasrv **必须** 配置 kafka WAL 配置。","provider = \"raft_engine\"","# Kafka WAL 配置。","## Kafka 集群的代理端点。","broker_endpoints = [\"127.0.0.1:9092\"]","## 自动为 WAL 创建 topics","## 设置为 `true` 则自动为 WAL 创建 topics","## 否则，使用名为 `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)` 的 topics","auto_create_topics = true","## Topic 数量。","num_topics = 64","## Topic selector 类型。","## 可用的 selector 类型：","## - `round_robin`（默认）","selector_type = \"round_robin\"","## Kafka topic 通过连接 `topic_name_prefix` 和 `topic_id` 构建。","topic_name_prefix = \"greptimedb_wal_topic\"","## 每个分区的预期副本数。","replication_factor = 1","## 超过此时间创建 topic 的操作将被取消。","create_topic_timeout = \"30s\"","## kafka 客户端的连接超时时间。","## **仅在 provider 为 `kafka` 时使用。**","## kafka 客户端的超时时间。","| 键 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |","| --------------------------------------------- | ------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |","| `data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data/metasrv/` | 工作目录。 |","| `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | Metasrv 的绑定地址。 |","| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | frontend 和 datanode 连接到 Metasrv 的通信服务器地址，默认为本地主机的 `127.0.0.1:3002`。 |","| `store_addrs` | Array | `[\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]` | 元数据服务地址，默认值为 `[\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]`。支持配置多个服务地址，格式为 `[\"ip1:port1\",\"ip2:port2\",...]`。默认使用 Etcd 作为元数据后端。
根据你的存储服务器类型配置地址，例如：
- 使用 `127.0.0.1:2379` 连接到 etcd
- 使用 `password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432` 连接到 postgres
- 使用 `mysql://user:password@ip:port/dbname` 连接到 mysql |","| `selector` | String | `round_robin` | Datanode 选择器类型。
- `round_robin`（默认值）
- `lease_based`
- `load_based`
详见 [选择器](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md)。 |","| `enable_region_failover` | Bool | `false` | 是否启用 region failover。
该功能仅适用于运行在集群模式下的 GreptimeDB，并且需要满足以下条件：
- 使用 Remote WAL
- 使用共享存储（例如 S3）。 |","| `region_failure_detector_initialization_delay` | String | `10m` | 设置启动 region 故障检测的延迟时间。该延迟有助于避免在所有 Datanode 尚未完全启动时，Metasrv 过早启动 region 故障检测，从而导致不必要的 region failover。尤其适用于未通过 GreptimeDB Operator 部署的集群，此时可能未正确启用集群维护模式，提前检测可能会引发误判。 |","| `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` | Bool | `false` | 是否允许在本地 WAL 上进行 region failover。
**此选项不建议设置为 true，因为这可能会在故障转移期间导致数据丢失。** |","| `node_max_idle_time` | String | `24hours` | 从 metasrv 内存中删除节点信息前允许的最大空闲时间。超过该时间未发送心跳的节点将被视为不活跃并被删除。 |","| `backend_client` | -- | -- | 后端客户端选项。
目前仅适用于使用 etcd 作为元数据存储时。 |","| `backend_client.keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | 后端客户端的保持连接超时时间。 |","| `backend_client.keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | 后端客户端的保持连接间隔。 |","| `backend_client.connect_timeout` | String | `3s` | 后端客户端的连接超时时间。 |","| `grpc` | -- | -- | gRPC 服务器选项。 |","| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | gRPC 服务器的绑定地址。 |","| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | frontend 和 datanode 连接到 metasrv 的通信服务器地址。 |","| `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | 服务器工作线程数。 |","| `grpc.http2_keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接间隔。 |","| `grpc.http2_keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | 服务器端 HTTP/2 保持连接超时时间。 |","| `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | 元数据存储类型。
- `etcd_store` (默认)
- `memory_store` (纯内存存储 - 仅用于测试)
- `postgres_store`
- `mysql_store` |","| `meta_table_name` | String | `greptime_metakv` | 使用 RDS 存储元数据时的表名。**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 和 mysql_store 时有效。** |","| `meta_schema_name` | String | -- | 可选的 PostgreSQL schema，用于元数据表和选举表名称限定。当 PostgreSQL public schema 不可写入时（例如 PostgreSQL 15+ 限制 public schema），可设置此参数为可写入的 schema。GreptimeDB 将使用 `meta_schema_name.meta_table_name`。
**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |","| `auto_create_schema` | Bool | `true` | 如果 PostgreSQL schema 不存在则自动创建。启用后，系统会在创建元数据表之前执行 `CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `。这在生产环境中可能受限于手动创建 schema 的情况下非常有用。注意：PostgreSQL 用户必须具有 CREATE SCHEMA 权限才能使此功能生效。
**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |","| `meta_election_lock_id` | Integer | `1` | 用于领导选举的 PostgreSQL 咨询锁 id。**仅在 backend 为 postgres_store 时有效。** |","| `procedure` | -- | -- | |","| `procedure.max_retry_times` | 整数 | `12` | Procedure 的最大重试次数。 |","| `procedure.retry_delay` | 字符串 | `500ms` | Procedure 初始重试延迟，延迟会指数增长。 |","| `procedure.max_running_procedures` | Integer | `128` | 同一时间可以运行的程序最大数量。如果运行的程序数量超过此限制，程序将被拒绝。 |","| `failure_detector` | -- | -- | 故障检测选项。 |","| `failure_detector.threshold` | 浮点数 | `8.0` | 判定节点故障前可接受的最大 φ 值。
较低的值反应更快但会产生更多误报。 |","| `failure_detector.min_std_deviation` | 字符串 | `100ms` | 心跳间隔的最小标准差。
防止微小变化导致 φ 值激增。在心跳间隔变化很小时防止过度敏感。 |","| `failure_detector.acceptable_heartbeat_pause` | 字符串 | `10000ms` | 心跳之间可接受的暂停时长。
在 φ 值上升前为学习到的平均间隔提供额外的宽限期，吸收临时网络故障或GC暂停。 |","| `datanode` | -- | -- | |","| `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode 客户端选项。 |","| `datanode.client.timeout` | 字符串 | `10s` | 操作超时。 |","| `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | 字符串 | `10s` | 连接服务器超时。 |","| `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | 布尔值 | `true` | 接受连接的 `TCP_NODELAY` 选项。 |","| wal | -- | -- | -- |","| wal.provider | String | `raft_engine` | -- |","| wal.broker_endpoints | Array | -- | Kafka 集群的端点 |","| `wal.auto_create_topics` | Bool | `true` | 自动为 WAL 创建 topics
设置为 `true` 则自动为 WAL 创建 topics
否则，使用名为 `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)` 的 topics |","| `wal.auto_prune_interval` | String | `0s` | 定期自动裁剪远程 WAL 的时间间隔
设置为 `0s` 表示禁止自动裁剪 |","| `wal.trigger_flush_threshold` | Integer | `0` | 自动 WAL 裁剪中触发 region flush 操作的阈值
当满足以下条件时，metasrv 会对 region 发送 flush 请求：
`trigger_flush_threshold` + `prunable_entry_id` < `max_prunable_entry_id`
其中：
- `prunable_entry_id` 是该 region 可裁剪的最大日志条目 ID，在该 ID 之前的日志都不被该 region 使用
- `max_prunable_entry_id` 是使用与该 region 同一 kafka topic 的所有 region 可裁剪的最大日志条目 ID，在该 ID 之前的日志都不再被任一 region 使用
设置为 `0` 以禁止在自动 WAL 裁剪中触发 region flush 操作 |","| `wal.auto_prune_parallelism` | Integer | `10` | 自动 WAL 裁剪的最大并行任务限制，其中每个任务负责一个 kafka topic 的 WAL 裁剪 |","| `wal.num_topics` | Integer | `64` | Topic 数量 |","| wal.selector_type | String | `round_robin` | topic selector 类型
可用 selector 类型：
- round_robin（默认） |","| wal.topic_name_prefix | String | `greptimedb_wal_topic` | 一个 Kafka topic 是通过连接 topic_name_prefix 和 topic_id 构建的 |","| wal.replication_factor | Integer | `1` | 每个分区的副本数 |","| wal.create_topic_timeout | String | `30s` | 超过该时间后，topic 创建操作将被取消 |","| `wal.connect_timeout` | String | `3s` | kafka 客户端的连接超时时间。
**仅在 provider 为 `kafka` 时使用。** |","| `wal.timeout` | String | `3s` | kafka 客户端的超时时间。
**仅在 provider 为 `kafka` 时使用。** |","| `wal.sasl` | String | -- | Kafka 客户端 SASL 配置 |","| `wal.sasl.type` | String | -- | SASL 机制，可选值：`PLAIN`, `SCRAM-SHA-256`, `SCRAM-SHA-512` |","| `wal.sasl.username` | String | -- | SASL 鉴权用户名 |","| `wal.sasl.password` | String | -- | SASL 鉴权密码 |","| `wal.tls` | String | -- | Kafka 客户端 TLS 配置 |","| `wal.tls.server_ca_cert_path` | String | -- | 服务器 CA 证书地址 |","| `wal.tls.client_cert_path` | String | -- | 客户端证书地址（用于启用 mTLS） |","| `wal.tls.client_key_path` | String | -- | 客户端密钥地址（用于启用 mTLS） |","### 仅限于 `Datanode` 的配置","node_id = 42","bind_addr = \"127.0.0.1:3001\"","server_addr = \"127.0.0.1:3001\"","[runtime]","query_rt_size = 7","ingest_rt_size = 8","| Key | Type | Description |","| ---------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------- |","| node_id | 整数 | 该 `datanode` 的唯一标识符。 |","| grpc.bind_addr | 字符串 | gRPC 服务绑定地址，默认为`127.0.0.1:3001`。 |","| grpc.server_addr | 字符串 | 该地址用于来自主机外部的连接和通信。如果留空或未设置，服务器将自动使用主机上第一个网络接口的 IP 地址，其端口号与 `grpc.bind_addr` 中指定的相同。 |","| grpc.runtime_size | 整数 | gRPC 服务器工作线程数，默认为 8。 |","| runtime.query_rt_size | 整数 | 执行 datanode 查询操作的运行时线程数。默认值为 `max(num_cpus - 1, 1)`。 |","| runtime.ingest_rt_size | 整数 | 执行 datanode 写入操作的运行时线程数。默认值为 CPU 核心数。 |","### 仅限于 `Frontend` 的配置","| Key | Type | Default | Description |","|-----------------------------------|------|---------|-------------------------|","| `datanode` | -- | -- | |","| `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode 客户端选项。 |","| `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | 字符串 | `1s` | 连接服务器超时。 |","| `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | 布尔值 | `true` | 接受连接的 `TCP_NODELAY` 选项。 |","docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md",[1660],{"_1002":758,"_1003":1661,"_426":1662,"_1006":59},958,[1007,1663,1664,1665,1007,205,1666,205,1667,205,1668,1669,1670,1671,205,1672,1673,205,1674,205,1675,205,1676,1677,205,1023,1024,1025,205,1678,1679,205,1680,205,1681,1682,205,1030,1031,1032,1033,1025,205,1683,205,1035,1036,1025,205,1684,205,1038,1039,1025,205,1685,205,1686,1687,1688,1689,205,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,205,1695,205,1696,1697,1698,205,1699,1700,205,1701,205,1702,1703,205,1030,1055,1031,1056,1055,1025,205,1704,205,1025,1058,1025,205,1705,205,1706,1061,1062,1063,1064,1065,205,1707,205,1708,205,1025,1068,1025,205,1709,205,1710,1711,205,1712,205,1713,1714,205,1030,1715,1716,1076,205,1717,1718,1079,1025,205,1719,1720,1721,1722,205,1723,205,1724,1725,1726,205,1727,205,1030,1728,1729,1091,205,1730,1093,1025,205,1731,1732,1733,1734,205,1735,205,1736,1737,205,1738,1739,1102,205,1740,1741,1742,1743,205,1030,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,205,1116,1117,1118,205,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,205,1124,1125,1126,1127,1128,1129,205,1130,1120,1121,1122,1123,205,1131,1125,1132,1127,1128,205,1133,1120,1121,1122,1123,205,1134,1125,205,1135,1125,1744,1745,1138,205,1139,1125,205,1140,1125,1141,205,1142,1125,1143,1144,1145,1146,1147,1148,1025,205,1746,205,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1764,1765,205,1788,1789,205,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,205,1797,205,1798,205,1746,205,1799,1800,1801,205,1802,205,1030,1202,1203,1025,205,1803,205,1804,205,1805,205,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,205,1843,205,1030,1031,1032,1033,1025,205,1844,205,1030,1031,1246,1247,1248,1249,1250,1025,205,1845,205,1846,205,1847,205,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,205,1854,205,1855,205,1030,1262,1263,1264,1246,1247,1248,1249,1250,205,1263,1265,1266,1247,1248,1267,1025,205,1856,205,1857,205,1858,205,1859,205,1860,205,1030,1273,1274,205,1275,1861,1277,1025,205,1862,205,1863,205,1864,205,1865,205,1866,205,1867,205,1030,1284,1285,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1025,205,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,205,1875,205,1876,205,1877,205,1878,205,1030,1273,1274,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1313,1314,1315,1316,1317,1318,1319,1320,1321,1322,1323,205,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,205,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,205,1338,1339,1025,205,1879,205,1030,1338,1341,1342,1343,1344,1025,205,1880,205,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,205,1931,205,1030,1273,1396,1397,1025,205,1880,205,1932,1933,1934,205,1935,205,1936,205,1030,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1025,205,1937,205,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,205,1943,205,1944,205,1030,1945,1418,205,1946,1420,1025,205,1947,1948,1949,1950,205,1951,205,1952,1953,1954,205,1030,1429,1025,205,1955,1956,1957,205,1958,205,1030,1959,1032,1960,1961,1436,1962,1438,1963,1440,1441,1964,1443,1965,1966,1967,1447,1448,1449,1450,1968,1969,1453,1970,1971,1972,1973,1458,1974,1973,1460,1975,1976,1463,1977,1978,1466,1467,1979,1469,1980,1981,1982,1983,1474,1984,1985,1986,1478,1987,1988,1989,1482,205,1990,1484,205,1991,1992,1487,1993,1489,205,1994,1491,1492,1121,1122,1493,205,1995,1996,1496,1997,1498,1998,1500,1999,1502,205,2000,1116,1504,1505,1118,2001,1507,2002,1509,2003,1511,2004,1513,205,2005,1107,1108,1109,1110,205,2006,1516,205,2007,1518,205,2008,1520,205,2009,1522,205,2010,2011,2012,1526,205,2013,2014,1529,205,2015,2016,1532,205,2017,2018,1535,205,2019,2020,1538,205,2021,1540,205,2022,1542,205,2023,1544,205,2024,1546,205,2025,1409,205,1548,2026,2027,2028,1552,205,2029,205,2030,1555,205,2031,2032,2033,1559,205,2034,1561,205,2035,2036,2037,1565,205,2038,1567,205,2039,1569,205,2040,1571,205,2041,2042,1502,205,2043,2042,1406,205,2044,2045,2046,2047,2048,2049,2050,2051,2052,2053,205,2054,2045,2055,2056,2057,2058,205,1025,205,2059,2060,2061,2062,2063,2064,2065,2066,2067,2068,2069,2070,2071,2072,2073,2074,2075,2076,2077,2078,2079,2080,2081,2082,2083,2084,2085,2086,2087,2088,2089,2090,2091,2092,2093,2094,2095,2096,2097,2098,2099,2100,2101,2102,2103,2104,2105,2106,2107,2108,2109,2110,2111,2112,2113,2114,2115,2116,2117,2118,205,2119,205,1030,1637,1116,1638,1639,1118,205,1640,1641,1642,1025,205,2120,2121,2122,2123,2124,2125,2126,2127,205,2128,205,1030,1540,1542,1407,1409,1025,205,2129,2130,2131,2132,2133,2134],"title: \"GreptimeDB Deployment Configuration\"","keywords: [configuration, command line options, configuration file, environment variables, default values]","description: Detailed guide on configuring GreptimeDB, including command line options, configuration file options, environment variables, and default values for various components and features.","# Configuration","GreptimeDB supports **layered configuration** with the following precedence order (where each item overrides the one below it):","- Greptime command line options","- Configuration file options","- Environment variables","- Default values","You only need to set up the configurations you require.","GreptimeDB will assign default values for any settings not configured.","## How to set up configurations","### Greptime command line options","You can specify several configurations using command line arguments.","For example, to start GreptimeDB in standalone mode with a configured HTTP address:","For all the options supported by the Greptime command line,","refer to the [GreptimeDB Command Line Interface](/reference/command-lines/overview.md).","### Configuration file options","You can specify configurations in a TOML file.","For example, create a configuration file `standalone.example.toml` as shown below:","Then, specify the configuration file using the command line argument `-c [file_path]`.","For example, to start in standalone mode:","#### Example files","Below are example configuration files for each GreptimeDB component,","including all available configurations.","In actual scenarios,","you only need to configure the required options and do not need to configure all options as in the sample file.","- [standalone](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/standalone.example.toml)","- [frontend](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/frontend.example.toml)","- [datanode](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/datanode.example.toml)","- [flownode](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/flownode.example.toml)","- [metasrv](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/metasrv.example.toml)","### Helm Configurations","When deploying GreptimeDB on Kubernetes using Helm charts,","you can configure certain settings directly in the Helm `values.yaml` file.","Please refer to the [Helm configuration documentation](/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/common-helm-chart-configurations.md) for all Helm-supported configurations.","For configurations that are available only in the [options](#options) section of this document,","you can [inject complete TOML configuration files](/user-guide/deployments-administration/deploy-on-kubernetes/common-helm-chart-configurations.md#injecting-configuration-files) into your deployment.","### Environment variable","Every item in the configuration file can be mapped to environment variables.","For example, to set the `data_home` configuration item for the datanode using an environment variable:","Use the following shell command to set the environment variable in the following format:","#### Environment Variable Rules","- Each environment variable should have the component prefix, for example:","- Use **double underscore `__`** separators. For example, the data structure `storage.data_home` is transformed to `STORAGE__DATA_HOME`.","The environment variable also accepts lists that are separated by commas `,`, for example:","## Options","In this section, we will introduce some main configuration options.","For all options, refer to the [Configuration Reference](https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/blob/VAR::greptimedbVersion/config/config.md) on Github.","### Write memory limiter options","Memory limiter options control the total memory used by concurrent write requests across all protocols (HTTP, gRPC, and Arrow Flight).","These options are valid in `frontend` and `standalone` subcommands.","# Maximum total memory for all concurrent write request bodies and messages","# Set to 0 to disable the limit (unlimited by default)","# Policy when write bytes quota is exhausted","# Options: \"wait\" (default, 10s timeout), \"wait()\" (e.g., \"wait(30s)\"), \"fail\"","| Option | Type | Default | Description |","| ------------------------------- | ------ | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `max_in_flight_write_bytes` | String | `0` | Maximum total memory for all concurrent write request bodies and messages (HTTP, gRPC, Flight). Set to `0` to disable the limit (unlimited). Supports units: `B`, `KB`, `MB`, `GB`, etc. Example: `1GB` limits total concurrent writes to 1GB. |","| `write_bytes_exhausted_policy` | String | `wait` | Policy when write bytes quota is exhausted. Options: `wait` (default, waits up to 10 seconds), `wait()` (custom timeout, e.g., `wait(30s)`), `fail` (immediately reject the request). |","### Datanode query concurrency limit","These options limit how many read queries can run at the same time on a datanode.","A query counts toward the limit until it finishes or the client closes the result stream.","If the limit is reached, a new query waits up to `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` for an available slot before it fails.","These options are valid in the `datanode` subcommand.","# Maximum number of read queries that can run at the same time on the datanode.","# Set to 0 to disable the limit (unlimited by default).","# Maximum time a query waits for an available slot when max_concurrent_queries is reached.","| Option | Type | Default | Description |","| ---------------------------------- | ------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `max_concurrent_queries` | Integer | `0` | Maximum number of read queries that can run at the same time on the datanode. Set to `0` to disable the limit. |","| `concurrent_query_limiter_timeout` | String | `100ms` | Maximum time a query waits for an available slot after `max_concurrent_queries` is reached. The query fails if no slot is available in time. |","### Protocol options","Protocol options are valid in `frontend` and `standalone` subcommands,","specifying protocol server addresses and other protocol-related options.",":::tip NOTE","The HTTP protocol configuration is available for all GreptimeDB components: `frontend`, `datanode`, `flownode`, and `metasrv`.","Below is an example configuration with default values.","You can change the values or disable certain protocols in your configuration file.","For example, to disable OpenTSDB protocol support, set the `enable` parameter to `false`.","Note that HTTP and gRPC protocols cannot be disabled for the database to function correctly.","# Default merge mode for tables automatically created by InfluxDB protocol.","# Available values: \"last_non_null\", \"last_row\".","The following table describes the options in detail:","| Option | Key | Type | Description |","| ---------- | -------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |","| http | | | HTTP server options |","| | addr | String | Server address, \"127.0.0.1:4000\" by default |","| | timeout | String | HTTP request timeout. Set to 0 to disable timeout (default: \"0s\"). |","| | body_limit | String | HTTP max body size, \"64MB\" by default |","| | enable_cors | Boolean | Whether to enable HTTP CORS support, true by default. |","| | cors_allowed_origins | Array | Customized allowed origins for HTTP CORS. |","| | prom_validation_mode | String | Whether to check if strings are valid UTF-8 strings in Prometheus remote write requests. Available options: `strict`(reject any request with invalid UTF-8 strings), `lossy`(replace invalid characters with [UTF-8 REPLACEMENT CHARACTER U+FFFD, which looks like �](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G24272)), `unchecked`(do not validate strings). |","| grpc | | | gRPC server options |","| | bind_addr | String | The address to bind the gRPC server, \"127.0.0.1:4001\" by default |","| | runtime_size | Integer | The number of server worker threads, 8 by default |","| | max_connection_age | String | Maximum lifetime of a gRPC connection that the server keeps it. Refer to [\"MAX_CONNECTION_AGE\"](https://grpc.io/docs/guides/keepalive/) for details. Defaults to not set. Example: \"1h\" for 1 hour, \"30m\" for 30 minutes |","| | flight_compression | String | Compression mode for frontend side Arrow IPC service. Available options: `none`: disable all compression, `transport`: only enable gRPC transport compression (zstd), `arrow_ipc`: only enable Arrow IPC compression (lz4), `all`: enable all compression. Default value is `none`. |","| mysql | | | MySQL server options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable MySQL protocol, true by default |","| | addr | String | Server address, \"127.0.0.1:4002\" by default |","| | runtime_size | Integer | The number of server worker threads, 2 by default |","| | keep_alive | String | Server-side keep-alive time. Set to `0s` to disable. |","| | prepared_stmt_cache_size | Integer | Maximum entries in the MySQL prepared statement cache, 10000 by default. |","| influxdb | | | InfluxDB Protocol options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable InfluxDB protocol in HTTP API, true by default |","| | default_merge_mode | String | Default merge mode for tables automatically created by InfluxDB protocol. Available values: `last_non_null`, `last_row`. Default: `last_non_null` |","| opentsdb | | | OpenTSDB Protocol options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable OpenTSDB protocol in HTTP API, true by default |","| jaeger | | | Jaeger protocol options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable Jaeger protocol in HTTP API, true by default. |","| otlp | | | OpenTelemetry protocol options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable OpenTelemetry protocol in HTTP API, true by default. |","| | trace_ingest_chunk_size | Integer | Maximum spans per trace ingest chunk. Set to `0` to disable splitting. |","| prom_store | | | Prometheus remote storage options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable Prometheus Remote Write and read in HTTP API, true by default |","| | with_metric_engine | Boolean | Whether to use the metric engine on Prometheus Remote Write, true by default |","| | pending_rows_flush_interval | String | Interval between batch flushes for Prometheus Remote Write. Set to a non-zero duration (e.g. `500ms`) to enable [batching mode](/user-guide/ingest-data/for-observability/prometheus.md#batching-mode). `0s` by default (disabled) |","| | max_batch_rows | Integer | Maximum number of rows per batch before a flush is triggered, 100000 by default |","| | max_concurrent_flushes | Integer | Maximum number of concurrent flush operations, 256 by default |","| | worker_channel_capacity | Integer | Capacity of the internal worker channel for receiving rows, 65526 by default |","| | max_inflight_requests | Integer | Maximum number of in-flight write requests waiting for batch completion, 3000 by default |","| postgres | | | PostgresSQL server options |","| | enable | Boolean | Whether to enable PostgresSQL protocol, true by default |","| | addr | String | Server address, \"127.0.0.1:4003\" by default |","For MySQL, Postgres and gRPC interface, TLS can be configured to enable transport","layer security.","| Option | Key | Type | Description |","| ----------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `mysql.tls`, `postgres.tls` or `grpc.tls` | | | TLS configuration for MySQL and Postgres |","| | `mode` | String | TLS mode, options are `disable`, `prefer` and `require` |","| | `cert_path` | String | File path for TLS certificate |","| | `key_path` | String | File path for TLS private key |","| | `watch` | Boolean | Watch file system changes and reload certificate and key file |","### Query options","The `query` options are valid in standalone, datanode and frontend modes, which controls the query engine's behavior.","| Option | Key | Type | Description |","| ----------- | ------- | ---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| parallelism | Integer | `0` | Parallelism of the query engine. Default to 0, which means the number of CPU cores. |","A sample configuration:","### Storage options","The `storage` options are valid in datanode and standalone mode, which specify the database data directory and other storage-related options.","GreptimeDB supports storing data in local file system, AWS S3 and compatible services (including MinIO, digitalocean space, Tencent Cloud Object Storage(COS), Baidu Object Storage(BOS) and so on), Azure Blob Storage and Aliyun OSS.","| Option | Key | Type | Description |","| ------- | ------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| storage | | | Storage options |","| | type | String | Storage type, supports \"File\", \"S3\" and \"Oss\" etc. |","| File | | | Local file storage options, valid when type=\"File\" |","| | data_home | String | Database storage root directory, \"./greptimedb_data\" by default |","| S3 | | | AWS S3 storage options, valid when type=\"S3\" |","| | name | String | The storage provider name, default is `S3` |","| | bucket | String | The S3 bucket name |","| | root | String | The root path in S3 bucket |","| | endpoint | String | The API endpoint of S3 |","| | region | String | The S3 region |","| | access_key_id | String | The S3 access key id |","| | secret_access_key | String | The S3 secret access key |","| | enable_virtual_host_style | Boolean | Send API requests in virtual host style instead of path style. Default is false. |","| Oss | | | Aliyun OSS storage options, valid when type=\"Oss\" |","| | name | String | The storage provider name, default is `Oss` |","| | bucket | String | The OSS bucket name |","| | root | String | The root path in OSS bucket |","| | endpoint | String | The API endpoint of OSS |","| | access_key_id | String | The OSS AccessKey ID |","| | access_key_secret | String | The OSS AccessKey Secret |","| Azblob | | | Azure Blob Storage options, valid when type=\"Azblob\" |","| | name | String | The storage provider name, default is `Azblob` |","| | container | String | The container name |","| | root | String | The root path in container |","| | endpoint | String | The API endpoint of Azure Blob Storage |","| | account_name | String | The account name of Azure Blob Storage |","| | account_key | String | The access key |","| | sas_token | String | The shared access signature |","| Gsc | | | Google Cloud Storage options, valid when type=\"Gsc\" |","| | name | String | The storage provider name, default is `Gsc` |","| | root | String | The root path in Gsc bucket |","| | bucket | String | The Gsc bucket name |","| | scope | String | The Gsc service scope |","| | credential_path | String | The Gsc credentials path |","| | endpoint | String | The API endpoint of Gsc |","A file storage sample configuration:","A S3 storage sample configuration:","### Storage http client","`[storage.http_client]` sets the options for the http client that is used to send requests to the storage service.","Only applied for storage types \"S3\", \"Oss\", \"Azblob\" and \"Gcs\".","| Key | Type | Default | Description |","| ------------------------ | ------- | ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `pool_max_idle_per_host` | Integer | `1024` | The maximum idle connection per host allowed in the pool. |","| `connect_timeout` | String | `30s` | The timeout for only the connect phase of a http client. |","| `timeout` | String | `30s` | The total request timeout, applied from when the request starts connecting until the response body has finished. Also considered a total deadline. |","| `pool_idle_timeout` | String | `90s` | The timeout for idle sockets being kept-alive. |","### Storage engine provider","`[[storage.providers]]` setups the table storage engine providers. Based on these providers, you can create a table with a specified storage, see [create table](/reference/sql/create.md#create-table):","All configured providers' names can be used as the `storage` option when creating tables.","For storage from the same provider, if you want to use different S3 buckets as storage engines for different tables, you can set different `name` values and specify the `storage` option when creating the table.","### Object storage cache","When using remote storage services like AWS S3, Alibaba Cloud OSS, or Azure Blob Storage, fetching data during queries can be time-consuming. To address this, GreptimeDB provides a write cache mechanism to speed up repeated data access.","You can configure the cache size and behavior in the mito config if you don't want to use the default values.","# Download files from object storage to fill the cache on write cache miss","By default, GreptimeDB automatically downloads files from object storage to fill the write cache when there's a cache miss during queries (`enable_refill_cache_on_read = true`). This improves subsequent query performance by keeping frequently accessed data in the write cache. You can disable this behavior by setting `enable_refill_cache_on_read = false` if you want to minimize network traffic or storage costs.","Read [Performance Tuning Tips](/user-guide/deployments-administration/performance-tuning/performance-tuning-tips.md) for more detailed info.","### WAL options","GreptimeDB supports three WAL storage options—Local WAL, Remote WAL, and Noop WAL. See the [WAL Overview](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/overview.md) for a comparison of the options. For detailed configurations, refer to the [Local WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/local-wal.md), [Remote WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/remote-wal/configuration.md), and [Noop WAL](/user-guide/deployments-administration/wal/noop-wal.md) documentation.","### Logging options","`frontend`, `metasrv`, `datanode` and `standalone` can all configure log and tracing related parameters in the `[logging]` section:","- `dir`: log output directory.","- `level`: output log level, available log level are `info`, `debug`, `error`, `warn`, the default level is `info`.","- `enable_otlp_tracing`: whether to turn on tracing, not turned on by default.","- `enable_per_region_metrics`: whether to expose Prometheus per-region query load metrics, including `greptime_mito_region_query_cpu_time` and `greptime_mito_region_query_scanned_bytes`. This option is disabled by default because it creates one time series per region. Query stats reported through heartbeats and exposed in `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REGION_STATISTICS` are not controlled by this option.","- `otlp_endpoint`: Export the target endpoint of tracing using gRPC-based OTLP protocol, the default value is `localhost:4317`.","- `append_stdout`: Whether to append logs to stdout. Defaults to `true`.","- `tracing_sample_ratio`: This field can configure the sampling rate of tracing. How to use `tracing_sample_ratio`, please refer to [How to configure tracing sampling rate](/user-guide/deployments-administration/monitoring/tracing.md#guide-how-to-configure-tracing-sampling-rate).","How to use distributed tracing, please reference [Tracing](/user-guide/deployments-administration/monitoring/tracing.md#tutorial-use-jaeger-to-trace-greptimedb)","### Region engine options","The parameters corresponding to different storage engines can be configured for `datanode` and `standalone` in the `[region_engine]` section. Currently, options for `mito` and `metric` region engines are available.","Frequently used options:","The `mito` engine provides an experimental memtable which optimizes for write performance and memory efficiency under large amounts of time-series. Its read performance might not as fast as the default `time_series` memtable.","Available options:","| Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |","| ---------------------------------------- | ------- | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `num_workers` | Integer | `8` | Number of region workers. |","| `manifest_checkpoint_distance` | Integer | `10` | Number of meta action updated to trigger a new checkpoint for the manifest. |","| `compress_manifest` | Bool | `false` | Whether to compress manifest and checkpoint file by gzip. |","| `max_background_flushes` | Integer | `Auto` | Max number of running background flush jobs (default: 1/2 of cpu cores). |","| `max_background_compactions` | Integer | `Auto` | Max number of running background compaction jobs (default: 1/4 of cpu cores). |","| `max_background_purges` | Integer | `Auto` | Max number of running background purge jobs (default: cpu cores). |","| `auto_flush_interval` | String | `1h` | Interval to auto flush a region if it has not flushed yet. |","| `global_write_buffer_size` | String | `1GB` | Global write buffer size for all regions. If not set, it's default to 1/8 of OS memory with a max limitation of 1GB. |","| `global_write_buffer_reject_size` | String | `2GB` | Global write buffer size threshold to reject write requests. If not set, it's default to 2 times of `global_write_buffer_size` |","| `sst_meta_cache_size` | String | `128MB` | Cache size for SST metadata. Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/32 of OS memory with a max limitation of 128MB. |","| `vector_cache_size` | String | `512MB` | Cache size for vectors and arrow arrays. Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/16 of OS memory with a max limitation of 512MB. |","| `page_cache_size` | String | `512MB` | Cache size for pages of SST row groups. Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/8 of OS memory. |","| `write_cache_size` | String | `5GiB` | Capacity for write cache. If your disk space is sufficient, it is recommended to set it larger. |","| `write_cache_ttl` | String | `8h` | TTL for write cache. Defaults to 8 hours. |","| `preload_index_cache` | Bool | `true` | Preload index (puffin) files into cache on region open (default: true).
When enabled, index files are loaded into the write cache during region initialization,
which can improve query performance at the cost of longer startup times. |","| `index_cache_percent` | Integer | `20` | Percentage of write cache capacity allocated for index (puffin) files (default: 20).
The remaining capacity is used for data (parquet) files.
Must be between 0 and 100 (exclusive). For example, with a 5GiB write cache and 20% allocation,
1GiB is reserved for index files and 4GiB for data files. |","| `enable_refill_cache_on_read` | Bool | `true` | Enable refilling cache on read operations (default: true).
When disabled, cache refilling on read won't happen. |","| `manifest_cache_size` | String | `256MB` | Capacity for manifest cache (default: 256MB). |","| `selector_result_cache_size` | String | `512MB` | Cache size for time series selector (e.g. `last_value()`). Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/16 of OS memory with a max limitation of 512MB. |","| `range_result_cache_size` | String | `512MB` | Cache size for flat range scan results. Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/16 of OS memory with a max limitation of 512MB. |","| `prefilter_result_cache_size` | String | `128MB` | Cache size for prefilter results. Setting it to 0 to disable the cache.
If not set, it's default to 1/32 of OS memory with a max limitation of 128MB. |","| `sst_write_buffer_size` | String | `8MB` | Buffer size for SST writing. |","| `max_concurrent_scan_files` | Integer | `384` | Maximum number of SST files to scan concurrently. |","| `allow_stale_entries` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow stale WAL entries during replay. |","| `scan_memory_limit` | String | `unlimited` | Memory limit for table scans across all queries. Supports absolute size (e.g., \"2GB\") or percentage of system memory (e.g., \"20%\"). Setting it to 0 or \"unlimited\" disables the limit. |","| `scan_memory_on_exhausted` | String | `fail` | Behavior when scan memory is exhausted. Options: `fail` (fail fast), `wait` or `wait()` (wait for memory). |","| `min_compaction_interval` | String | `0m` | Minimum time interval between two compactions. Set to \"0m\" (default) to allow compactions to run immediately without restriction. |","| `schedule_compaction_after_edit` | Bool | `true` | Whether to allow scheduling a compaction after a successful region edit.
Setting this to `true` is a necessary but not sufficient condition for scheduling compaction after a region edit. Other constraints, such as `min_compaction_interval`, may still prevent compaction from being scheduled.
Setting this to `false` guarantees that compaction will not be scheduled after a region edit. |","| `default_flat_format` | Bool | `true` | Whether to enable flat format as the default SST format. |","| `scan_parallelism` | Integer | `0` | (Deprecated, use `max_concurrent_scan_files` instead) Legacy option for scan parallelism. |","| `index` | -- | -- | The options for index in Mito engine. |","| `index.aux_path` | String | `\"\"` | Auxiliary directory path for the index in the filesystem. This path is used to store intermediate files for creating the index and staging files for searching the index. It defaults to `{data_home}/index_intermediate`. The default name for this directory is `index_intermediate` for backward compatibility. This path contains two subdirectories: `__intm` for storing intermediate files used during index creation, and `staging` for storing staging files used during index searching. |","| `index.staging_size` | String | `2GB` | The maximum capacity of the staging directory. |","| `index.staging_ttl` | String | `7d` | TTL for staging directory. Defaults to 7 days. Setting to \"0s\" disables TTL. |","| `index.metadata_cache_size` | String | `64MiB` | Cache size for index metadata.
If not set, it's default to 1/32 of OS memory with a max limitation of 64MiB. |","| `index.content_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for index content.
If not set, it's default to 1/16 of OS memory with a max limitation of 128MiB. |","| `index.content_cache_page_size` | String | `64KiB` | Page size for index content cache. |","| `index.result_cache_size` | String | `128MiB` | Cache size for index query results.
If not set, it's default to 1/16 of OS memory with a max limitation of 128MiB. |","| `inverted_index` | -- | -- | The options for inverted index in Mito engine. |","| `inverted_index.create_on_flush` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on flush.
- `auto`: automatically
- `disable`: never |","| `inverted_index.create_on_compaction` | String | `auto` | Whether to create the index on compaction.
- `auto`: automatically
- `disable`: never |","| `inverted_index.apply_on_query` | String | `auto` | Whether to apply the index on query
- `auto`: automatically
- `disable`: never |","| `inverted_index.mem_threshold_on_create` | String | `64M` | Memory threshold for performing an external sort during index creation.
Setting to empty will disable external sorting, forcing all sorting operations to happen in memory. |","| `inverted_index.intermediate_path` | String | `\"\"` | File system path to store intermediate files for external sorting (default `{data_home}/index_intermediate`). |","| `memtable.type` | String | `time_series` | Memtable type.
- `time_series`: time-series memtable
- `partition_tree`: partition tree memtable (experimental) |","| `memtable.index_max_keys_per_shard` | Integer | `8192` | The max number of keys in one shard.
Only available for `partition_tree` memtable. |","| `memtable.data_freeze_threshold` | Integer | `32768` | The max rows of data inside the actively writing buffer in one shard.
Only available for `partition_tree` memtable. |","| `memtable.fork_dictionary_bytes` | String | `1GiB` | Max dictionary bytes.
Only available for `partition_tree` memtable. |","The `metric` engine is optimized for handling metrics data with a large number of small tables:","| Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |","| ----------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `sparse_primary_key_encoding` | Boolean | `true` | Whether to use sparse primary key encoding. This optimization improves write and query performance by encoding only non-null primary key columns. |","### Specify meta client","The `meta_client` options are valid in `datanode` and `frontend` mode, which specify the Metasrv client information.","The `meta_client` configures the Metasrv client, including:","- `metasrv_addrs`: The Metasrv address list.","- `timeout`: operation timeout, `3s` by default.","- `connect_timeout`, connect server timeout, `1s` by default.","- `ddl_timeout`, DDL execution timeout, `10s` by default.","- `tcp_nodelay`, `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections, true by default.","### Heartbeat configuration","In distributed mode, heartbeat intervals are controlled by Metasrv using the `heartbeat_interval` option.","# Metasrv-only option","# Top-level option for reporting selected env vars in heartbeat extensions","| Key | Type | Default | Description |","| ----------------------- | ------ | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `heartbeat_interval` | String | `3s` | Metasrv base heartbeat interval. The frontend heartbeat interval is 6 times this value, and the datanode/flownode heartbeat interval is equal to this value. Heartbeat intervals are negotiated from Metasrv during handshake; local node configs do not override this. |","| `heartbeat_env_vars` | Array | `[]` | A top-level option. Lists the environment variable keys to read at startup and report to Metasrv through heartbeat messages. The values are sent as heartbeat extensions and stored in Metasrv's node information. For example, `heartbeat_env_vars = [\"AZ\", \"REGION\"]` collects the `AZ` and `REGION` environment variables. **Do not include sensitive variables** (e.g., secrets or credentials), as their values will be transmitted to and stored in Metasrv. |","### Default time zone configuration","The `default_timezone` option is applicable in both `frontend` and `standalone` modes, with a default value of `UTC`.","It specifies the default client timezone for interactions with GreptimeDB.","If the time zone is [specified in the clients](/user-guide/timezone.md#specify-time-zone-in-clients), this option will be overridden for that client session.","The `default_timezone` value can be any named time zone, such as `Europe/Berlin` or `Asia/Shanghai`.","For information on how the client time zone affects data ingestion and querying,","refer to the [Time Zone](/user-guide/timezone.md#impact-of-time-zone-on-sql-statements) guide.","### Metasrv-only configuration","# The working home directory.","# Store server address default to etcd store.","# For postgres store, the format is:","# For mysql store, the format is:","# For etcd store, the format is:","# If it's not empty, the metasrv will store all data with this key prefix.","# The datastore for meta server.","# Available values:","# - `etcd_store` (default value)","# Table name in RDS to store metadata. Effect when using a RDS kvbackend.","# **Only used when backend is `postgres_store` or `mysql_store`.**","# Optional PostgreSQL schema for metadata table and election table name qualification.","# When PostgreSQL public schema is not writable (e.g., PostgreSQL 15+ with restricted public),","# set this to a writable schema. GreptimeDB will use `meta_schema_name`.`meta_table_name`.","# **Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.**","# Automatically create PostgreSQL schema if it doesn't exist.","# Advisory lock id in PostgreSQL for election. Effect when using PostgreSQL as kvbackend","# Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.","# Datanode selector type.","# - `round_robin` (default value)","# For details, please see [selector documentation](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md).","# Whether to enable region failover.","# This feature is only available on GreptimeDB running on cluster mode and:","# - Using Remote WAL, or Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` set to `true`","# - Using shared storage (e.g., S3)","## The delay before starting region failure detection.","## This delay helps prevent Metasrv from triggering unnecessary region failovers before all Datanodes are fully started.","## Especially useful when the cluster is not deployed with GreptimeDB Operator and maintenance mode is not enabled.","# Whether to allow region failover on local WAL.","# **This option is not recommended to be set to true,","# because it may lead to data loss during failover.**","## Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory.","# Base heartbeat interval for calculating distributed time constants.","# Heartbeat intervals are negotiated from metasrv during handshake; local node configs do not override this.","# Whether to enable GreptimeDB telemetry. Enabled by default.","# TLS configuration for kv store backend (applicable for etcd, PostgreSQL, and MySQL backends).","## The backend client options.","## Currently, only applicable when using etcd as the metadata store.","## The keep alive timeout for backend client.","## The keep alive interval for backend client.","## The connect timeout for backend client.","## The gRPC server options.","## The maximum receive message size for gRPC server.","## The maximum send message size for gRPC server.","## The server side HTTP/2 keep-alive interval","## The server side HTTP/2 keep-alive timeout.","## The HTTP server options.","## Procedure storage options.","## Procedure max retry time.","## Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially","## Auto split large values.","## Max running procedures.","## The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time.","## If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected.","# Failure detectors options.","# GreptimeDB uses the Phi Accrual Failure Detector algorithm to detect datanode failures.","## Maximum acceptable φ before the peer is treated as failed.","## Lower values react faster but yield more false positives.","## The minimum standard deviation of the heartbeat intervals.","## So tiny variations don't make φ explode. Prevents hypersensitivity when heartbeat intervals barely vary.","## The acceptable pause duration between heartbeats.","## Additional extra grace period to the learned mean interval before φ rises, absorbing temporary network hiccups or GC pauses.","## Datanode options.","## Datanode client options.","## Operation timeout.","## Connect server timeout.","## `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections.","# Available wal providers:","# - `raft_engine` (default): there're none raft-engine wal config since metasrv only involves in remote wal currently.","# - `kafka`: metasrv **have to be** configured with kafka wal config when using kafka wal provider in datanode.","# Kafka wal config.","## The broker endpoints of the Kafka cluster.","## Automatically create topics for WAL.","## Set to `true` to automatically create topics for WAL.","## Otherwise, use topics named `topic_name_prefix_[0..num_topics)`","## Number of topics.","## Topic selector type.","## Available selector types:","## - `round_robin` (default)","## A Kafka topic is constructed by concatenating `topic_name_prefix` and `topic_id`.","## Expected number of replicas of each partition.","## Above which a topic creation operation will be cancelled.","## The connect timeout for kafka client.","## **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.","## The timeout for kafka client.","# The Kafka SASL configuration.","# **It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**.","# Available SASL mechanisms:","# - `PLAIN`","# - `SCRAM-SHA-256`","# - `SCRAM-SHA-512`","# [wal.sasl]","# type = \"SCRAM-SHA-512\"","# username = \"user_kafka\"","# password = \"secret\"","# The Kafka TLS configuration.","# [wal.tls]","# server_ca_cert_path = \"/path/to/server_cert\"","# client_cert_path = \"/path/to/client_cert\"","# client_key_path = \"/path/to/key\"","| Key | Type | Default | Descriptions |","| --------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| `data_home` | String | `./greptimedb_data/metasrv/` | The working home directory. |","| `bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The bind address of metasrv. |","| `server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv, \"127.0.0.1:3002\" by default for localhost. |","| `store_addrs` | Array | `[\"127.0.0.1:2379\"]` | Store server address. Configure the address based on your backend type, for example:
- Use `127.0.0.1:2379` to connect to etcd
- Use `password=password dbname=postgres user=postgres host=localhost port=5432` to connect to postgres
- Use `mysql://user:password@ip:port/dbname` to connect to mysql |","| `selector` | String | `round_robin` | Datanode selector type.
- `round_robin` (default value)
- `lease_based`
- `load_based`
For details, see [Selector](/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md) |","| `enable_region_failover` | Bool | `false` | Whether to enable region failover.
This feature is only available on GreptimeDB running on cluster mode and:
- Using Remote WAL
- Using shared storage (e.g., S3). |","| `region_failure_detector_initialization_delay` | String | `10m` | The delay before starting region failure detection. This delay helps prevent Metasrv from triggering unnecessary region failovers before all Datanodes are fully started. Especially useful when the cluster is not deployed with GreptimeDB Operator and maintenance mode is not enabled. |","| `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal` | Bool | `false` | Whether to allow region failover on local WAL.
**This option is not recommended to be set to true, because it may lead to data loss during failover.** |","| `node_max_idle_time` | String | `24hours` | Max allowed idle time before removing node info from metasrv memory. Nodes that haven't sent heartbeats for this duration will be considered inactive and removed. |","| `backend_client` | -- | -- | The backend client options.
Currently, only applicable when using etcd as the metadata store. |","| `backend_client.keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | The keep alive timeout for backend client. |","| `backend_client.keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | The keep alive interval for backend client. |","| `backend_client.connect_timeout` | String | `3s` | The connect timeout for backend client. |","| `grpc` | -- | -- | The gRPC server options. |","| `grpc.bind_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The address to bind the gRPC server. |","| `grpc.server_addr` | String | `127.0.0.1:3002` | The communication server address for frontend and datanode to connect to metasrv. |","| `grpc.runtime_size` | Integer | `8` | The number of server worker threads. |","| `grpc.http2_keep_alive_interval` | String | `10s` | The server side HTTP/2 keep-alive interval. |","| `grpc.http2_keep_alive_timeout` | String | `3s` | The server side HTTP/2 keep-alive timeout. |","| `backend` | String | `etcd_store` | The datastore for metasrv.
- `etcd_store` (default)
- `memory_store` (In memory metadata storage - only used for testing.)
- `postgres_store`
- `mysql_store` |","| `meta_table_name` | String | `greptime_metakv` | Table name in RDS to store metadata. Effect when using a RDS kvbackend.
**Only used when backend is `postgres_store` or `mysql_store`.** |","| `meta_schema_name` | String | -- | Optional PostgreSQL schema for metadata table and election table name qualification. When PostgreSQL public schema is not writable (e.g., PostgreSQL 15+ with restricted public), set this to a writable schema. GreptimeDB will use `meta_schema_name.meta_table_name`.
**Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.** |","| `auto_create_schema` | Bool | `true` | Automatically create PostgreSQL schema if it doesn't exist. When enabled, the system will execute `CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS ` before creating metadata tables. This is useful in production environments where manual schema creation may be restricted. Note: The PostgreSQL user must have CREATE SCHEMA permission for this to work.
**Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.** |","| `meta_election_lock_id` | Integer | `1` | Advisory lock id in PostgreSQL for election. Effect when using PostgreSQL as kvbackend
**Only used when backend is `postgres_store`.** |","| `procedure` | -- | -- | Procedure storage options. |","| `procedure.max_retry_times` | Integer | `12` | Procedure max retry time. |","| `procedure.retry_delay` | String | `500ms` | Initial retry delay of procedures, increases exponentially |","| `procedure.max_running_procedures` | Integer | `128` | The maximum number of procedures that can be running at the same time. If the number of running procedures exceeds this limit, the procedure will be rejected. |","| `failure_detector` | -- | -- | -- |","| `failure_detector.threshold` | Float | `8.0` | Maximum acceptable φ before the peer is treated as failed.
Lower values react faster but yield more false positives. |","| `failure_detector.min_std_deviation` | String | `100ms` | The minimum standard deviation of the heartbeat intervals.
So tiny variations don't make φ explode. Prevents hypersensitivity when heartbeat intervals barely vary. |","| `failure_detector.acceptable_heartbeat_pause` | String | `10000ms` | The acceptable pause duration between heartbeats.
Additional extra grace period to the learned mean interval before φ rises, absorbing temporary network hiccups or GC pauses. |","| `datanode` | -- | -- | Datanode options. |","| `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode client options. |","| `datanode.client.timeout` | String | `10s` | Operation timeout. |","| `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | String | `10s` | Connect server timeout. |","| `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | Bool | `true` | `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections. |","| `wal` | -- | -- | -- |","| `wal.provider` | String | `raft_engine` | -- |","| `wal.broker_endpoints` | Array | -- | The broker endpoints of the Kafka cluster. |","| `wal.auto_prune_interval` | String | `0s` | Interval of automatically WAL pruning.
Set to `0s` to disable automatically WAL pruning which delete unused remote WAL entries periodically. |","| `wal.trigger_flush_threshold` | Integer | `0` | The threshold to trigger a flush operation of a region in automatically WAL pruning.
Metasrv will send a flush request to flush the region when:
`trigger_flush_threshold` + `prunable_entry_id` < `max_prunable_entry_id`
where:
- `prunable_entry_id` is the maximum entry id that can be pruned of the region. Entries before `prunable_entry_id` are not used by this region.
- `max_prunable_entry_id` is the maximum prunable entry id among all regions in the same topic. Entries before `max_prunable_entry_id` are not used by any region.
Set to `0` to disable the flush operation. |","| `wal.auto_prune_parallelism` | Integer | `10` | Concurrent task limit for automatically WAL pruning. Each task is responsible for WAL pruning for a kafka topic. |","| `wal.num_topics` | Integer | `64` | Number of topics. |","| `wal.selector_type` | String | `round_robin` | Topic selector type.
Available selector types:
- `round_robin` (default) |","| `wal.topic_name_prefix` | String | `greptimedb_wal_topic` | A Kafka topic is constructed by concatenating `topic_name_prefix` and `topic_id`. |","| `wal.replication_factor` | Integer | `1` | Expected number of replicas of each partition. |","| `wal.create_topic_timeout` | String | `30s` | Above which a topic creation operation will be cancelled. |","| `wal.connect_timeout` | String | `3s` | The connect timeout for kafka client.
**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |","| `wal.timeout` | String | `3s` | The timeout for kafka client.
**It's only used when the provider is `kafka`**. |","| `wal.sasl` | String | -- | The Kafka SASL configuration. |","| `wal.sasl.type` | String | -- | The SASL mechanisms, available values: `PLAIN`, `SCRAM-SHA-256`, `SCRAM-SHA-512`. |","| `wal.sasl.username` | String | -- | The SASL username. |","| `wal.sasl.password` | String | -- | The SASL password. |","| `wal.tls` | String | -- | The Kafka TLS configuration. |","| `wal.tls.server_ca_cert_path` | String | -- | The path of trusted server ca certs. |","| `wal.tls.client_cert_path` | String | -- | The path of client cert (Used for enable mTLS). |","| `wal.tls.client_key_path` | String | -- | The path of client key (Used for enable mTLS). |","### Datanode-only configuration","| Key | Type | Description |","| ----------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |","| node_id | Integer | The datanode identifier, should be unique. |","| grpc.bind_addr | String | The address to bind the gRPC server, `127.0.0.1:3001` by default. |","| grpc.server_addr | String | The address advertised to the metasrv, and used for connections from outside the host. If left empty or unset, the server will automatically use the IP address of the first network interface on the host, with the same port number as the one specified in `grpc.bind_addr`. |","| grpc.runtime_size | Integer | The number of gRPC server worker threads, 8 by default. |","| runtime.query_rt_size | Integer | The number of threads to execute datanode query operations. Defaults to `max(num_cpus - 1, 1)`. |","| runtime.ingest_rt_size | Integer | The number of threads to execute datanode ingestion operations. Defaults to the number of CPU cores. |","### Frontend-only configuration","| Key | Type | Default | Description |","| --------------------------------- | ------ | ------- | ---------------------------------------------- |","| `datanode` | -- | -- | Datanode options. |","| `datanode.client` | -- | -- | Datanode client options. |","| `datanode.client.connect_timeout` | String | `1s` | Connect server timeout. |","| `datanode.client.tcp_nodelay` | Bool | `true` | `TCP_NODELAY` option for accepted connections. |",[2136,2137,2138,2139,2140,2141,2142,2143,2144,2145,2146,2147,2148,2149],{"_954":46,"_46":2172},{"_954":2151,"_166":1658,"_1002":2170,"_1003":2171},{"_954":2151,"_166":996,"_1002":2168,"_1003":2169},{"_954":46,"_46":2167},{"_954":2151,"_166":1658,"_1002":2165,"_1003":2166},{"_954":2151,"_166":996,"_1002":2163,"_1003":2164},{"_954":46,"_46":2162},{"_954":2151,"_166":996,"_1002":2160,"_1003":2161},{"_954":46,"_46":2159},{"_954":2151,"_166":1658,"_1002":2157,"_1003":2158},{"_954":2151,"_166":996,"_1002":2155,"_1003":2156},{"_954":46,"_46":2154},{"_954":2151,"_166":996,"_1002":2152,"_1003":2153},{"_954":46,"_46":2150},"\n* Committed the changes on the current branch with commit `a506106` and created PR metadata via the `make_pr` tool.\n\n**Testing**\n* ✅ `git diff --check -- docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md`\n* ✅ `rg -n \"developer-guide/metasrv/selector|postgre_store\" docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md || true`\n\nNote: I left the existing unrelated working-tree files untouched: `yarn.lock`, `.pnp.cjs`, `.pnp.loader.mjs`, and `.yarn/`.","repo_file_citation",852,854,"\n* Corrected the Chinese backend name references from `postgre_store` to `postgres_store`. ",675,683,686,694,"\n* Updated selector references to use markdown links to the existing contributor-guide selector page and clarified that Region Failover can use Remote WAL or Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal=true`. ",262,268,"\n* Added missing Jaeger and OTLP entries, including `trace_ingest_chunk_size`, to the Chinese protocol options table. ",169,176,174,181,"\n* Commented the CORS allowed origins sample so `https://example.com` is shown as an optional customization, not a default value. ",94,100,98,103,"**Summary**\n* Added the Flownode environment-variable prefix to both English and Chinese configuration docs. ",{"_93":317,"_42":85,"_97":317,"_2175":2176,"_2177":2178,"_2179":2180,"_133":-5,"_120":2181},[84],"input_items",[2199,2200,2201,2202,2203,2204,2205,2206,2207,2208,2209,2210],"external_post_config",{"_2182":2183,"_252":253,"_2184":296,"_264":-5,"_974":247,"_2185":-5,"_2186":-5,"_2187":2188,"_2189":2190,"_2191":-5,"_2192":-5,"_2193":2194,"_2195":15,"_2196":59,"_2197":54,"_2198":15},"user_model_slug","slug",1784620049.338109,"installation_id",99793971,"pr_number","gitlab_service_account_project_id","review_trigger","comment_id",5031429844,"comment_type","issue","pr_write_guard_token","pending_pr_reaction_id","pending_comment_reaction_id",385444309,"comment_if_no_findings","comment_on_error","share_url","is_parallel_review",{"_93":434,"_97":317,"_426":2232},{"_303":304,"_305":306,"_2229":310,"_2230":130,"_313":-5,"_93":2231},{"_93":2211,"_305":2228,"_166":-5,"_2213":-5,"_2215":-5},{"_93":2211,"_305":2227,"_166":-5,"_2213":-5,"_2215":-5},{"_93":2211,"_305":2226,"_166":-5,"_2213":-5,"_2215":-5},{"_93":2211,"_305":2225,"_166":1658,"_2213":2214,"_2215":172},{"_93":2211,"_305":2223,"_166":1658,"_2213":2214,"_2215":2224},{"_93":2211,"_305":2221,"_166":996,"_2213":2214,"_2215":2222},{"_93":2211,"_305":2219,"_166":1658,"_2213":2214,"_2215":2220},{"_93":2211,"_305":2218,"_166":996,"_2213":2214,"_2215":2216},{"_93":2211,"_305":2217,"_166":-5,"_2213":-5,"_2215":-5},{"_93":2211,"_305":2212,"_166":996,"_2213":2214,"_2215":2216},"pull_request_comment","@codex it should use link in markdown instead of full url","side","RIGHT","line",672,"\n### 💡 Codex Review\n\nhttps://github.com/GreptimeTeam/docs/blob/4ffb6b4ea5b268ac4a53de3972a054cd3b296f5a/i18n/zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/user-guide/deployments-administration/configuration.md#L847-L850\n**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Use the valid postgres_store backend name**\n\nThese new Chinese table descriptions spell the backend as `postgre_store`, but the supported value listed just above is `postgres_store`. Readers copying the condition/value while configuring PostgreSQL metadata storage would use an unrecognized backend name, so both new mentions should be corrected to `postgres_store`.\n \n\n

ℹ️ About Codex in GitHub

","**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Link selector docs to the existing path**\n\nThis changed sample comment points to `/developer-guide/metasrv/selector`, but repo-wide search shows the selector page lives under `docs/contributor-guide/metasrv/selector.md`, and the table below already links to that contributor path. Chinese users following this absolute URL from the sample will hit a missing page instead of the selector documentation.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.","**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add Flownode to environment prefixes**\n\nAfter adding `flownode` to the components that accept configuration files, the environment-variable rules below still enumerate only frontend/metasrv/datanode/standalone prefixes. The flownode CLI reference documents the default prefix as `GREPTIMEDB_FLOWNODE`, so operators configuring a flownode from this page won't discover the correct prefix.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.",47,"**_{_{![P3 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P3-lightgrey?style=flat)}} Add the new trace protocols to the Chinese table**\n\nWhen the Chinese protocol sample adds `[jaeger]` and `[otlp]`, the table immediately below still jumps from `opentsdb` to `prom_store` and has no Jaeger/OTLP rows, unlike the English file. Chinese readers scanning the options table won't see that these protocols/defaults exist or what `trace_ingest_chunk_size` controls.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.",227,"**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Keep local-WAL failover documented**\n\nFor clusters that intentionally use Local WAL with `allow_region_failover_on_local_wal=true`, this new prerequisite now says Region Failover requires Remote WAL, while the adjacent option and the Region Failover guide still describe Local WAL with that flag as supported (`docs/user-guide/deployments-administration/manage-data/region-failover.md` lines 12-17). This makes a valid configuration path look unsupported and contradicts the documented escape hatch.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.",693,"**_{_{![P2 Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/P2-yellow?style=flat)}} Do not present example.com as a CORS default**\n\nThis block is introduced as an example \"with default values\", but `cors_allowed_origins` is unset by default; setting it to `https://example.com` restricts browser access to that origin. For deployments that copy this default config, dashboards or API clients from any other origin will start failing CORS checks, so this should be omitted/commented or clearly marked as a customization; the Chinese sample has the same added value.\n\nUseful? React with 👍 / 👎.","@codex review","Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.","## Deploying greptime-docs with $\"Cloudflare$ Cloudflare Pages\n\n\n\n\n\n

Latest commit:	\n`4ffb6b4`\n
Status:	✅ Deploy successful!
Preview URL:	\nhttps://b9582988.greptime-docs.pages.dev\n
Branch Preview URL:	\nhttps://codex-update-outdated-grepti.greptime-docs.pages.dev\n

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